LoRa Communications as an Enabler for Internet of Drones towards Large-Scale Livestock Monitoring in Rural Farms

 

 

Figure 14. 

Performance comparison between the LoRaWAN

®

 multi-channel and single-channel 

GWs. 

4.3. LoRaWAN

®

 Performance under Different Drone Speeds 

To quantify the Doppler effect on the LoRaWAN

®

-based aerial communication, the 

performance of the system was examined under different drone speeds. To increase the 

safety and maneuverability of the drone, measurements were performed in an open and 

uninhabited area, as shown in Figure 15. The multi-channel GW was stationary, located 

on the ground, while the EN was mounted on the drone to perform a real-time data up-

date. The data included several measurements, particularly on the percentage of the 

packet received for this experiment. 

Figure 13.

The percentage of packet loss during data transmission between the LoRaWAN

®

GW

and EN.

Sensors 

2021

, 

21

, x FOR PEER REVIEW 

18 of 27 

 

 

 

Figure 13. 

The percentage of packet loss during data transmission between the LoRaWAN

®

 GW and 

EN.