Core Java® Volume I–Fundamentals

357

Chapter 7: Exceptions, Assertions, and Logging .....................................

358

Dealing with Errors .................................................................................

7.1

359

The Classification of Exceptions ..............................................

7.1.1

361

Declaring Checked Exceptions ................................................

7.1.2

364

How to Throw an Exception ....................................................

7.1.3

Contents

x

From the Library of Hristo Dimov Hristov

---

ptg18360597

365

Creating Exception Classes ......................................................

7.1.4

367

Catching Exceptions ................................................................................

7.2

367

Catching an Exception ..............................................................

7.2.1

369

Catching Multiple Exceptions .................................................

7.2.2

370

Rethrowing and Chaining Exceptions ...................................

7.2.3

372

The 

finally

 Clause .......................................................................

7.2.4

376

The Try-with-Resources Statement .........................................

7.2.5

377

Analyzing Stack Trace Elements ..............................................

7.2.6

381

Tips for Using Exceptions .......................................................................

7.3

384

Using Assertions ......................................................................................

7.4

384

The Assertion Concept ..............................................................

7.4.1

385

Assertion Enabling and Disabling ..........................................

7.4.2

386

Using Assertions for Parameter Checking .............................

7.4.3

387

Using Assertions for Documenting Assumptions ................

7.4.4

389

Logging .....................................................................................................

7.5

389

Basic Logging .............................................................................

7.5.1

390

Advanced Logging ....................................................................

7.5.2

392

Changing the Log Manager Configuration ...........................

7.5.3

393

Localization ................................................................................

7.5.4

394

Handlers .....................................................................................

7.5.5

398

Filters ...........................................................................................

7.5.6

399

Formatters ..................................................................................

7.5.7

399

A Logging Recipe ......................................................................

7.5.8

409

Debugging Tips ........................................................................................

7.6