DAVR
Q
A
TO
R
ELEMENTLARNING GURUHLARI
A I B
Ishqaoriy metallar
A II B
Ishqoriy-yer metallar
A III B
Bor gruppachasi
A IV B
Karbogenlar
A V B
Nitrogenlar
A VI B
Halkogenlar
A VII B
Galogenlar
A VIII B
Inert gazlar yoki nodir gazlar
I
1
(1) (2.1) 1.008
-252,9
o
C -255,3
o
C
0,089 (+1, -1)
1s
1
I 1
Vodorod
(Kаvеndish 1766)
(2) (__) 4,003
-268,9
o
C -271,2
o
C
0,179 (__)
1s
2
II 2
Gelliy
(Lorek,Jansen 1868)
II
2
[3] (1) 6,9412
1340
o
C 180,5
o
C
0,534 (+1)
1s
2
2s
1
I 1,2
Litiy
(Аrfеdsоn 1817)
[4]A (1,57) 9,012
2471
o
C 1287
o
C
1,82 (+2)
1s
2
2s
2
II 2,2
Berelliy
(Vоklеn 1798)
(5) 10,81
3658
o
C (2,04)
2074
o
C 2,34 (+3)
2s
2
2p
1
III 3,2
Bor
(Gеy-Lyussаk,Tenar,Devi1808
)
(6) 12,01
4827
o
C (2,55)
3825
o
C 2,62 (-4…+4)
1s
2
2s
2
2p
2
II,IV 4,2
Uglerod
(Qad ma’lum)
(7) 14,0067
-196
o
C (3,04)
-210
o
C 1,25 (-3...+5)
2s
2
2p
3
I,II,III,IV 5,2
Azot
(Rеzеrfоrd 1772)
(8) 15,9994
-183
o
C (3,5)
-218,2
o
C 1,429 (±1,±2)
2s
2
2p
4
I,II,III,IV 6,2
Kislorod
(SHееlе 1771)
(9) 18,998
-188,2
o
C (4,1)
-219,6
o
C 1,696 (-1)
2s
2
2p
5
I 7,2
Ftor
(Sheele,Muаssаn 1886)
(10)
20,179
-246
o
C (___)
-248,6
o
C 0,8999 (___)
2s
2
2p
6
II,VIII 8,2
Neon
(RamzayTravers1898)
III
3
[11] (0,93) 22,99
883,1
o
C 97,8
o
C
0,97 (+1)
(Ne)3s
1
I 1,8,2
Natriy
(Devi 1807)
[12] (1,31) 24,305
1090
o
C 648,8
o
C
1,74 (+2)
(Ne)3s
2
II 2,8,2
Magniy
(Blek 1755)
[13]A 26,98
2452
o
C (1,61)
660
o
C 2,7 (+3)
3s
2
3p
1
III 3,8,2
Alyuminiy
(Erstеd 1825)
(14) 28,086
3249
o
C (1,9)
1415
o
C 2,33 (±4, ±2)
3s
2
3p
2
II,IV 4,8,2
Kremniy
(Berselius 1824)
(15) 30,97
287
o
C (2,19)
44,14
o
C 1,82 (-3...+5)
3s
2
3p
3
I,II,III,IV 5,8,2
Fosfor
(Brand 1669)
(16) 32,06
444,8
o
C (2,58)
115,2
o
C 2,07 (±2,+4,+6)
3s
2
3p
4
II,IV,VI 6,8,2
Oltingugurt
(Qad ma)
(17) 35,453
-34
o
C (3,01)
-101
o
C 3,17 (±1+3+5+7)
3s
2
3p
5
I,III,V,VII 7,8,2
Xlor
(Sheeele 1774)
(18)
39,948
-185,8
o
C (___)
-189,4
o
C 1,784 (___)
3s
2
3p
6
II,VIII 8,8,2
Argon(
Ramzay,Relee1894)
IV
4
[19] (0,92) 39,09
761
o
C 63,5
o
C
0,863 (+1)
(Ar)4s
1
I 1,8,8,2
Kaliy
(Devi 1807)
[20] (1) 40,08
1495
o
C 842
o
C
1,54 (+2)
(Ar)4s
2
II 2,8,8,2
Kalsiy
(Devi 1808)
[21] (1,36) 44,956
2837
o
C 1541
o
C
3,0 (+3)
4s
2
3d
1
II,III 2,9,8,2
Skandiy
(Nilson 1879
)
[22] (1,54) 47,9
3260
o
C 1671
o
C
4,51 (+4+3)
4s
2
3d
2
II,III,IV 2,10,8,2
Titan
(Gregor 1771)
[23] (1,63) 50,94
3400
o
C 1920
o
C
4,11 (+2...+5)
4s
2
3d
3
II,III,IV,V 2,11,8,2
Vannadiy
(Del Rio 1801)
[24]E (1,66) 51,996
2680
o
C 1890
o
C
7,19 (+2+3+4+6)
4s
1
3d
5
II,III,IV,VII 1,13,8,2
Xrom
(Vokelen 1797)
[25] (1,55) 54,938
2080
o
C 1245
o
C
7,44 (+2...+4+6+7)
4s
2
3d
5
II-IV,VI,VII 2,13,8,2
Marganes
(Sheele,Gan 1774)
[26] (1,83) 55,8
2750
o
C 1535
o
C
7,86 (+2+3)
4s
2
3d
6
II,III,VIII 2,14,8,2
Temir
(Qad ma’lum)
[27] (1,88) 58,933
2960
o
C 1495
o
C
8,9 (+2+3)
4s
2
3d
7
II,III,VIII 2,15,8,2
Kobalt
(Brand 1735)
[28] (191) 58,7
2900
o
C 1455
o
C
8,9 (+2+3)
4s
2
3d
8
II,III,VIII 2,16,8,2
Nikel
(Kronishtedt 1751)
5
[29]E (1,9) 63,546
2567
o
C 1083
o
C
8,92 (+1+2)
4s
1
3d
10
I,II,III 1,18,8,2
Mis
(Qad ma’lum)
[30]A (1,65) 65,38
906,2
o
C 419,5
o
C
7,14 (+2)
4s
2
3d
10
II 2,18,8,2
Ruh
(Qad ma’lum)
[32] 69,72
2205
o
C (1,81)
29,8
o
C 5,91 (+3)
4s
2
3d
10
4p
1
III 3,18,8,2
Galliy
(Lekok de Bau-Bodran1875)
[33] 72,61
2850
o
C (2,01)
938,4
o
C 5,32 (+4)
4s
2
3d
10
4p
2
IV 4,18,8,2
Germaniy
(Vinkler 1881)
(33) 74,92
817
o
C (2,18)
614
o
C 5,74 (-3...+5)
4s
2
3d
10
4p
3
III,V 5,18,8,2
Mishyak
(Lavuaze 1789)
(34) 78,96
685
o
C (2,55)
221
o
C 4,81 (±2+4+6)
3d
10
4p
4
II,IV,VI 6,18,8,2
Selen
(Berselius,Gan 1817)
(35) 79,904
59,2
o
C (2,86)
-7,25
o
C 3,12 (±1+3+5+7)
3d
10
4p
5
I,III,V,VII 7,18,8,2
Brom
(Balar, Levig 1826)
(36)
83,8
-153,2
o
C (___)
-189,4
o
C 3,745 (___)
4s
2
3d
10
4p
6
II,VIII 8,18,8,2
Kripton
(Ramzey-Trevers 1898)
V
6
[37] (0,82) 85,47
696
o
C 39,3
o
C
1,53 (+1)
(Kr)5s
1
I 1,8,18,8,2
Rubidiy
(
Bunzen,Krixgof 1861)
[38] (0,95) 87,62
1390
o
C 768
o
C
2,63 (+2)
(Kr)5s
2
II 2,8,18,8,2
Stronsiy
(Devi 1808)
[39] (1,22) 88,91
3320
o
C 1528
o
C
4,47 (+3)
5s
2
4d
1
III 2,9,18,8,2
Ittriy
(Gadolin 1794)
[40] (1,33) 91,22
4350
o
C 1852
o
C
6,45 (+4)
5s
2
4d
2
IV 2,10,18,8,2
Sirkoniy
(Klaprot 1798)
[41]E (1,6) 92,91
4760
o
C 2477
o
C
6,45 (+2...+5)
5s
1
4d
4
II-V 2,11,18,8,2
Niobiy
(Xatchet 1801)
[42]E (1,8) 92,91
4800
o
C 2673
o
C
10,2 (+2...+6)
5s
1
4d
5
II-VI 2,12,18,8,2
Molibden
(Sheele 1778)
[43] (1,9) 92,91
4600
o
C 2200
o
C
11,5 (+7)
5s
2
4d
5
VII 2,13,18,8,2
Texnitsiy
(Pere,Segra1937)
[44]E (1,9) 92,91
4077
o
C 2334
o
C
12,45 (+2...+4+6+8)
5s
2
4d
5
II-VI,VIII 2,14,18,8,2
Rutediy
(Snyadeskiy 1808)
[45] (2,28) 102,91
3327
o
C 1965
o
C
12,4 (+2+3+4)
5s
1
4d
8
II,III,IV 1,16,18,8,2
Rodiy
(Vallaston 1808)
[46]E (2,2) 106,4
2940
o
C 1554
o
C
12,02 (+2+4)
5s
0
4d
10
II,IV 0,18,18,8,2
Palladiy
(Vallaston 1803)
7
[47]E (1,9) 107,868
2167
o
C 961,9
o
C
10,5 (+1+2+3)
5s
1
4d
10
I,II,III 1,18,18,8,2
Kumush
(Qad ma’lum)
[48] (1,69) 112,411
766,5
o
C 321,1
o
C
8,65 (+2)
5s
2
3d
10
II 2,18,18,8,2
Kadmiy
(Shtromeyer --)
[49] 114,82
2024
o
C (1,78)
156,8
o
C 7,31 (+3)
5s
2
4d
10
5p
1
III 3,18,18,8,2
Indiy
(Rayx,Rixter 1875)
[50]A 118,69
2602
o
C (1,96)
231,9
o
C 7,38 (+2+4)
5s
2
4d
10
5p
2
IV 4,18,18,8,2
Qalay
(Qad ma’lum)
[51] 121,74
1634
o
C (2,18)
630,5
o
C 5,74 (-3+5)
5s
2
4d
10
5p
3
III,V 5,18,18,8,2
Surma
(Qad ma’lum)
(52) 127,6
949,9
o
C (2,1)
449,8
o
C 4,81 (±2+4+6)
4d
10
5p
4
II,IV,VI 6,18,18,8,2
Tellur
(Qad ma’lum)
(53) 126,9
184
o
C (2,86)
113,5
o
C 3,12 (±1+3+5+7)
4d
10
5p
5
I,III,V,VII
7,18,18,8,2
Yod
(Kurtua 1811)
(54)
131,3
-108,1
o
C (___)
-111,5
o
C 4,94 (___)
4d
10
5p
6
VIII 8,18,18,8,2
Ksenon
(Ramzey-Trevers 1898)
VI
8
[55] (0,79) 132,9
705
o
C 28,44
o
C
1,9 (+1)
(Kr)6s
1
I 1,8,18,18,8,2
Seziy
(
Bunzen,Krixgof 1806)
[56] (0,89) 137,34
1637
o
C 727
o
C
3,78 (+2)
(Kr)6s
2
II 2,8,18,18,8,2
Bariy
(Sheele 1774)
[57] (1,1) 138,9
3447
o
C 920
o
C
6,17 (+3)
6s
2
5d
1
III 2,9,18,18,8,2
Lantan
(Mosander 1839)
[72] (1,3) 178,49
5400
o
C 2230
o
C
13,4 (+4)
6s
2
5d
2
IV 2,10,32,18,8,2
Gafniy
(X.Koster 1923)
[73] (1,5) 180,948
5425
o
C 3014
o
C
16,6 (+5)
6s
2
5d
3
V 2,11,32,18,8,2
Tantal
(Eksberg 1801)
[74] (1,7) 183,85
5950
o
C 3380
o
C
19,3 (+2+3+4+5+6)
6s
2
5d
4
II-VI 2,12,32,18,8,2
Volfram
(Sheele 1751)
[75] (1,9) 186,2
5600
o
C 3180
o
C
11,5 (+7)
6s
2
5d
5
VII
2,13,32,18,8,2
Reuly
(Noddak 1925)
[76] (2,2) 190,2
5027
o
C 3027
o
C
22,61 (+2...+4+6+8)
6s
2
5d
5
II-VI,VIII
2,14,32,18,8,2
Osmiy
(Tennat 1804)
[77] (2,2) 190,22
4380
o
C 2447
o
C
22,65 (+2+3+4+6)
6s
2
5d
7
II,III,IV,VI
2,15,32,18,8,2
Iridiy
(Tennat 1804)
[78]E (2,28) 195,09
3800
o
C 1769
o
C
21,45 (+2+4)
5s
1
4d
9
II,IV
1,17,32,18,8,2
Platina
(Qad ma’l)
9
[79]E (2,11) 107,868
2880
o
C 1064
o
C
19,3 (+1+3)
6s
1
5d
10
I,III 1,18,32,18,8,2
Oltin
(Qad ma’lum)
[80] (2,0) 200,59
357
o
C -38,9
o
C
8,65 (+1+2)
6s
2
5d
10
I,II 2,18,32,18,8,2
Simob
(Qad ma’lum)
[81] 209,37
1475
o
C (1,81)
303
o
C 11,85 (+1+3)
5d
10
6p
1
I,III
3,18,32,18,8,2
Talliy
(Kruks1875)
[82]A 207,2
1751
o
C (2,05)
327,4
o
C 11,34 (+2+4)
5d
10
6p
2
II,IV 4,18,32,18,8,2
Qo’rg’oshin
(Qad ma’l)
[83] 208,98
1560
o
C (2,06)
271,3
o
C 9,8 (-3+5)
5d
10
6p
3
III,V 5,18,32,18,8,2
Vismut
(Qad ma’lum)
[84] [209]
949
o
C (2,08)
254
o
C 9,14 (±2+4+6)
5d
10
6p
4
II,IV,VI 6,18,32,18,8,2
Poloniy
(Pyer,M.Kyure 1848)
(85) [210]
309
o
C (2,2)
244
o
C ---- (±1+3+5+7)
5d
10
6p
5
I,III,V,VII
7,18,32,18,8,2
Astat
(Korson 1940)
(86)
[222]
-61,8
o
C (___)
-71
o
C 9,8 (___)
5d
10
6p
6
VIII 8,18,32,18,8,2
Radon
(Dorn 1900
)
VII
10
[87] (0,7) [223]
677
o
C 27
o
C
2,35 (+1)
(Kr)7s
1
I
1,8,18,32,18,8,2
Fransiy
(
M.Perey 1939)
[88] (0,9) [226]
1507
o
C 969
o
C
5,55 (+2)
(Kr)7s
2
II
2,8,18,32,18,8,2
Radiy
(Pyer,M.Kyure 1808)
[89] (1,1) [227]
3300
o
C 1050
o
C
10,07 (+3)
7s
2
6d
1
III
2,9,18,32,18,8,2
Aktiniy
(Debereyner 1899)
[104] (___) [261]
5500
o
C 2100
o
C
____ (+4)
7s
2
6d
2
IV
2,10,32,32,18,8,2
Rezerfordiy
(Flerov 1964)
[105] (___) [262]
____
o
C ____
o
C
21,6 (+5)
7s
2
6d
3
II-V
2,11,32,32,18,8,2
Dubniy
(Flerov 1970)
[106] (___) [263]
____
o
C ____
o
C
____ (+2+6)
7s
2
6d
4
II,VI
2,12,32,32,18,8,2
Siborgiy
(Aganaesyan1974)
[107] (___) [262]
____
o
C ____
o
C
____ (+5+7)
7s
2
6d
5
V,VII
2,13,32,32,18,8,2
Boriy
(Aganaesyan 1976)
[108] (__) [265]
____
o
C ____
o
C
20,7 (+2+3)
7s
2
6d
6
II,III
2,14,32,32,18,8,2
Hassiy
(---- 1484)
[109] (___) [266]
____
o
C ____
o
C
____ (+2)
7s
2
6d
7
II
2,15,32,32,18,8,2
Meytnery
(---- 1982)
[110] (___) [269]
____
o
C ____
o
C
____ (+2)
7s
2
6d
8
II
2,16,32,32,18,8,2
Darmshtadiy
(----1994)
11
[111]E (___) [272]
____
o
C ____
o
C
___ (+1+3)
7s
1
6d
10
I,III
1,18,32,32,18,8,2
Rentgeniy
(Darmshtadt 1994)
[112] (___) [285]
____
o
C ____
o
C
___ (+2)
7s
2
6d
10
II
2,18,32,32,18,8,2
Kopernitsiy
(Darmshtadt 1994)
[113] [284]
1130
o
C (___)
430
o
C 16 (+3)
6d
10
7p
1
III
3,18,32,32,18,8,2
Nihoniy
(--- 2004)
[114] [289]
147
o
C (___)
67
o
C 14 (+2+4)
6d
10
7p
2
II,IV
4,18,32,32,18,8,2
Fleroviy
(Flerov 1998)
[115] [288]
1100
o
C (___)
400
o
C 14 (+3+5)
6d
10
7p
3
III,V
5,18,32,32,18,8,2
Moskoviy
(Lanjavena1998)
[116] [292]
862
o
C (___)
507
o
C 14 (+2+4)
6d
10
7p
4
II,IV
6,18,32,32,18,8,2
Livermory
(Livermory 2000)
[117] [295]
862
o
C (___)
507
o
C 7,3 (+1+3+5)
6d
10
7p
5
II,IV
7,18,32,32,18,8,2
Tennesin
(--- 2010)
(118) [294]
-61,8
o
C (___)
-71
o
C 13,65 (-1...+8)
6d
10
7p
6
... 8,18,32,32,18,8,2
Oganesson
(--- 2006
)
Eng yuqori
oksidi va
barqaror
gidridi
E
2
O EH
EO EH
2
E
2
O
3
EH
4
EO
2
EH
4
E
2
O
5
EH
3
EO
3
H
2
E
E
2
O
7
HE
EO
4
“Davriy sistema hech qachon inkor qilinmaydi, balki, doimo takomillashib boradi” D.I.Mendeleyev
Li,K,Cs,Rb,Ba,Sr,Ca,Na,Mg,H
2
,Be,Al,Ti,Mn,Zn,Cr,Ga,Fe
+2
,H
+
,Sb,Bi,Cu,Ag,Hg,Pd,Pt,Au
←←←←←←←←← Metallarning elektrokimyoviy kuchlanishlar qatori (N.N.Beketov) ←←←←←←←←←
- ”s” elementlar
- ”p” elementlar
- ”d” elementlar
- ”f” elementlar
Orbitallarning elektron bilan to’lish tartibi 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p
Lantanoidlar
[58] (1,12) 140,12
3465
o
C 6,77
804
o
C (+3+4)
6s
2
3d
1
4f
1
2,9,19,18,8,2
Seriy
(Kisenger 1803)
[59] (1,13) 140,91
3512
o
C 6,78
935
o
C (+3+4)
6s
2
3d
1
4f
2
2,9,20,18,8,2
Pozeodim
(Velsbax 1885)
[60] (1,14) 144,24
3027
o
C 6,91
1016
o
C (+3)
6s
2
3d
1
4f
3
2,9,21,18,8,2
Neodim
(Velsbax 1925)
[61] (1,13)
[145]
3000
o
C 7,26
1070
o
C (+3)
6s
2
5d
1
4f
4
2,9,22,18,8,2
Prometiy
(Meriniski 1945)
[62] (1,17) 150,4
1788
o
C 7,54
1072
o
C (+2+3)
6s
2
5d
1
4f
5
2,9,23,18,8,2
Samariy
(Baubadran 1879)
[63] (1,2) 151,96
1559
o
C 5,259
826
o
C (+2+3)
6s
2
5d
1
4f
6
2,9,24,18,8,2
Evropiy
(Demarse 1901)
[64] (1,2) 157,25
3280
o
C 7,895
1312
o
C (+3+4)
6s
2
5d
1
4f
7
2,9,25,18,8,2
Gadaliniy
(Mariya 1880)
[65] (1,2) 158,92
3277
o
C 8,27
1357
o
C (+3+4)
6s
2
5d
1
4f
8
2,9,26,18,8,2
Terbiy
(Mozander 1843)
[66] (1,22) 162,5
2587
o
C 8,56
1409
o
C (+3)
6s
2
5d
1
4f
9
2,9,27,18,8,2
Disproziy
(Baubadran 1886)
[67] (1,23) 164,93
2707
o
C 8,82
1470
o
C (+3)
6s
2
5d
1
4f
10
2,9,28,18,8,2
Golmiy
(Soret 1878)
[68] (1,24) 167,26
1810
o
C 8,06
1522
o
C (+3)
6s
2
5d
1
4f
11
2,9,29,18,8,2
Erbiy
(Mozander 1843)
[69] (1,25) 168,9
1747
o
C 8,9
1545
o
C (+2+3)
6s
2
5d
1
4f
12
2,9,30,18,8,2
Tulliy
(Kleve 1879)
[70] (1,1) 173,04
1211
o
C 7,02
824
o
C (+2+3)
6s
2
5d
1
4f
13
2,9,31,18,8,2
Itterbiy
(Mariya 1878)
[71] (1,27) 174,94
3410
o
C 9,85
1660
o
C (+2+3)
6s
2
5d
1
4f
14
2,9,32,18,8,2
Lyutensiy
(Urbein 1907)
Aktanoidlar
[90] (1,3) 232,04
4200
o
C 11,72
1750
o
C (+4)
7s
2
6d
1
5f
1
2,9,19,32,18,8,2
Toriy
(Berselius 1828)
[91] (1,5) 231,04
4487
o
C 15,37
1572
o
C (+4+5)
7s
2
6d
1
5f
2
2,9,20,32,18,8,2
Protaktiniy
(Soddir 1917)
[92] (1,38) 238,03
4200
o
C 19,12
1135
o
C (+3...+6)
7s
2
6d
1
5f
3
2,9,21,32,18,8,2
Uran
(Klapret 1789)
[93] (1,36) 237,05
4082
o
C 20,45
639
o
C (+3...+6)
7s
2
6d
1
5f
4
2,9,22,32,18,8,2
Neptuniy
(Makmilan 1940)
[94] (1,28) [244]
3352
o
C 19,86
640
o
C (+3...+6)
7s
2
6d
1
5f
5
2,9,23,32,18,8,2
Plutoniy
(Siborg 1940)
[95] (1,3) [243]
2607
o
C 13,67
1173
o
C(+3...+6)
7s
2
6d
1
5f
6
2,9,24,32,18,8,2
Ameritsiy
(Siborg 1945)
[96] (1,3) [247]
3110
o
C 13,51
1358
o
C (+2+3)
7s
2
6d
1
5f
7
2,9,25,32,18,8,2
Kyuriy
(Siborg 1944)
[97] (1,3) [247]
2630
o
C 14,78
1050
o
C (+3+4)
7s
2
6d
1
5f
8
2,9,26,32,18,8,2
Berliy
(Siborg 1949)
[98] (1,3) [247]
1227
o
C 15,1
900
o
C (+3+4)
7s
2
6d
1
5f
9
2,9,27,32,18,8,2
Kaliforniy
(Siborg 1950)
[99] (1,3) [252]
____
o
C ___
860
o
C (+2+3)
7s
2
6d
1
5f
10
2,9,28,32,18,8,2
Enishteyniy
(Giorso 1952)
[100] (1,3) [257]
____
o
C ___
827
o
C (+2+3)
7s
2
6d
1
5f
11
2,9,29,32,18,8,2
Fermiy
(Giorso 1953)
[101] (1,3) [258]
____
o
C ___
827
o
C (+1...+3)
7s
2
6d
1
45f
12
2,9,30,32,18,8,2
Mendeleyeviy
(Siborg 1955)
[102] (1,3) [259]
____
o
C ___
827
o
C (+3)
7s
2
6d
1
5f
13
2,9,31,32,18,8,2
Nobeliy
(Flyorova 1958)
[103] (1,3) [260]
____
o
C ___
____
o
C (+3)
7s
2
6d
1
5f
14
2,9,32,32,18,8,2
Louretsiy
(Glorso 1961)
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