PREDLOGLAR
UNIT – 114 (At/in/on larning vaqtga ishlatilishi)
1
.
Soat
larga va
kun
ning ba’zi
qismlariga
nisbatan “
AT
” predlogi ishlatiladi:
at 5 o’clock – soat 5 da, at
11.45 – soat 11.45.da, at midnight-yarim tunda, at lunchtime – tushlik paytida
Izoh
: Quyidagi birikmalarda ham “
at
” predlogi ishlatiladi:
at night
– tunda,
at the weekend
– hafta
so’ngida,
at week-ends
– hafta oxirlarida,
at Chiristmas
– Milod kunida,
at Easter
– Pasxa bayramida,
at Navruz
– Navro’zda,
at the moment
– ayni paytda,
at present
– hozirda,
at the same time
– bir
paytda,
at the age of
– yoshida.
2. Sana
va
hafta kunlari
nomlari oldidan “
ON
” predlogi ishlatiladi. Oy nomlari oldidan raqam
kelganda ham “on” predlogi ishlatiladi:
on 12 March
– 12chi martda,
on Fridays
– juma kunlarida,
on
Christmas day
– Milod kunida. (Lekin:
at Christmas
).
3
. Quyidagi birikmalar oldidan ham “
on
” predlogi ishlatiladi:
on Friday morning
– juma tongida,
on Sunday afternoon
– yakshanba peshinda,
on Monday evening
– dushanba kechqurun,
on Saturday
night
– shanba kuni tunda.
4.
Uzunroq vaqt
oraliqlariga, ya’ni
oy
,
yil
,
fasl
nomlari oldidan “
IN
” predlogini ishlatamiz:
in April
– Aprelda,
in 1968
– 1968 yilda,
in (the) winter
– qishda,
in the 18
th
century
– 18inchi asrda,
in the
1970s
– 1970inchi yillarda,
in the Middle Ages
– o’rta asrlarda.
Izoh
: Quyidagi birikmalarda ham “
IN
” predlogi ishlatiladi:
in the morning
– ertalabda
, in the afternoon
– tushlikdan keyin,
in the evening
– kechqurunda (lekin: on Friday morning)
.
5. Next
(kelasi) va
last
(o’tgan) so’zlari oldidan
at/on/in
predloglarini ishlatmaymiz:
I’ll come next
Friday. Men kelasi juma kunida kelaman. They got married last year. Ular o’tgan yili uylangan edi.
6.
Kelajakdagi vaqtni bildiradigan birikmalar oldidan ham “
IN
” predlogi ishlatiladi. Bu birikmalar
kelajakni ifodalaganda ularda kelgan “
in
” predlogi “
keyin
” deb tarjima qilinadi:
in a week
– bir haftadan
keyin,
in a month
– bir oydan keyin,
in a few minutes
– bir necha daqiqadan keyin,
in the future
–
kelajakda,
in six months
– olti oydan keyin,
in a week’s time
– bir haftalaik vaqtdan keyin, (in the past
– o’tgan zamonda).
Lekin:
I learnt to drive in four weeks. Men mashina haydashni 4 hafta ichida o’rgandim.
UNIT – 115
1. For
– predlogi biror ish-harakat yoki holatning qancha vaqt oralig’ida davom etganligini
bildiradi va “davomida”, “-ga, -lik”, “buyon” deb tarjima qilinadi: I watched television for two hours last
night. Men o’tgan oqshom 2 soat televizor tomosha qildim. Ann is going away for a week in September.
Anna sentyabrda bir haftaga safarga ketmoqchi. I have been waiting for ages. Men uzoq vaqtdan buyon
kutmoqdaman.
2. During
(paytida, davrida) – predlogidan keyin ot keladi. Biror narsaning qachon sodir
bo’lganligini aytish uchun During dan keyin ot ishlatamiz:
during the film
– kino paytida,
during our
holiday
– ta’tilimiz paytida,
during the night
– tun mobaynida. I fell asleep diring the film. Kino paytida
uxlab qoldim.
3. While
(paytida, davrida) – predlogidan keyin esa
Ega + Kesim
keladi va ko’pincha davomli
zamon ishlatiladi:
I fell asleep while I was watching television. Televizor ko’rayotganimda uxlab qoldim.
UNIT – 116
1. By
predlogi vaqtni ifodalaydigan so’zlarning oldidan ishlatilganda “-
gacha
” deb tarjima
qilinadi.
By
predlogi biror ish-harakatning o’sha vaqtdan kechiktirilmasdan bajarilishini bildiradi. By =
not later than:
I posted the letter, so they should receive it by Monday. (on Monday or before Monday,
on Monday at the least). Men xatni jo’natdim, shuning uchun ular uni Dushanbagacha olsa kerak.
(dushanba kuni yoki dushanbadan oldin, eng kechi bilan dushanba kuni)
.
108
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