4. (Perfect Participle Active) Tugallangan zamon sifatdoshi gapda sabab holi bo’lib keladi va
kesimda ifodalangan ish-harakatdan oldin sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi:
Having lived in London for many years he knew English very well. = As he had lived in London for many years he knew English very well. Ko’p yillar Londonda yashaganligi sababli u inglizchani yaxshi bilardi.
5. Gapda to’ldiruvchi vazifasida kelgan otdan keyin majhullikni ifodalovchi sifatdosh keladi: I’m
eating the cakes
which were cooked by my mother = I’m eating the cakes
cooked by my mother. Men
onam tomonidan pishirilgan piroglarni yeyapman. I am reading the letter
written by my friend (the
letter which was written).