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Decision trees are one of the simplest techniques for classification. They can be compared
with a game of
20 questions
, where each node in the tree is either a leaf node or a question
node. Consider the case of Titanic survivability, which was built from a dataset that
includes data on the survival outcome of each passenger of the Titanic.
Consider our first node as a question:
Is the passenger a male?
If not, then the passenger most
likely survived. Otherwise, we would have another question to ask about the male
passengers:
Was the male over the age of 9.5?
(where 9.5 was chosen by the decision tree
learning procedure as an ideal split of the data). If the answer is
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