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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER 1. Geodetic basis of maps ................................................................... 11
§ 1. Spherical (ball-shaped) model of cartographic bodies ............................. 12
§ 2. Spheroid model of cartographic bodies .................................................. 15
§3. Replacement of ellipsoid by a sphere ..................................................... 20
§4. Display of a sphere to a sphere .............................................................. 23
§5. Polar spherical coordinates ................................................................. 24
CHAPTER 2. Elements of a mathematical basis; of maps ...................................... 30
§6. Scales of maps ...................................................................................... 30
§7. Cartographical projection ...................................................................... 34
§8. Cartographical grids.............................................................................. 36
§9. Framework of a map and coordinate grids .............................................. 38
§10.An average meridian of rojection .......................................................... 40
CHAPTER 3. Distortions in cartographical rojections ........................................... 43
§11. Metric elements of a surface ................................................................ 43
§12. Distortions of lengths .......................................................................... 47
§13. Distortions of the areas ........................................................................ 50
§14. Distortions of angular values ............................................................... 51
§15. Distortions of forms............................................................................. 53
§16. Reflection (display) of local distortions on maps ................................... 57
§17. Reflection (display) of regional scale distortions on maps .................... 60
CHAPTER 4. Classification of cartographical projections ..................................... 66
§18. Signs of classification of cartographical projections............................... 66
§19. Classification of projections by character and sizes of distortions .......... 68
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