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425
Index
Page numbers followed by f and t indicate figures and tables, respectively.
A
Absolute encoders, 74–75
Activation instructions, PLC programming, 288–290,
300–315, 300f–314f
example, 313–315, 313f, 314f
impulse generation, 312–313, 312f
AND logic, 307, 307f
logic coils, 308–310, 309f
Mixed AND and OR logic, 307, 308f
OR logic, 307, 307f
OR logic in combination with AND logic, 308, 308f
permanent activation of variables, 310–312, 310f,
311f
Actuators, 3, 19–37, 205
electric, 20–23
electric contact classification, 33–35
general purpose relays, 29–30
latching relays, 30–31
MEMS, 24
overview, 19–20
pneumatic, 24, 163
power relays, 27–29
pulse bistable relays, 31–32
relays, 25–27
operation principle, 25–27
overview, 25
solenoid, 71–72
solenoid linear actuators, 35–37
SSRs, 32–33
Actuator-sensor interface (AS-I) network, 367–368,
367f–368f
Adjustable rod, limit switch, 51f
Adjustable roller arm, limit switch, 51f
AEG Modicon, 292
Air compressors, with predefined combinations, 112,
113f
Alarm indication devices, 211
Allen-Bradley industrial PLC, 203, 204f, 292
Aluminum sheet (unfolded), shearing machine of, 401,
401f
Analog input devices, 217, 217t
Analog input modules, PLC, 202, 216–219
analog signals conversion, accuracy in, 219–220
analog to digital (A/D) converter, 216–217, 216f, 217f
cyclic operation time, 219, 219f
devices, 217, 217t
“input channel,” 218
operation, block diagram, 218–219, 218f
shielded cable, 218
Analog I/O values scaling, PLC, 419–420, 420f
Analog output modules, PLC, 202, 220–222, 220f–222f
analog devices connections in, 222, 222f
operations, block diagram, 220–221, 220f, 221f
Analog sensors, 5
Analog-to-digital converter (ADC), 37
AND logic, 307, 307f
OR logic in combination with, 308, 308f
Applications; see also Industrial applications
De Morgan theorem, 121
electro-pneumatic, 178–183
arrangement for separating similar balls, 178–179
conveyor arrangement for objects shorting,
181–183
object stamping machine, 179–181
logical design of automation circuits, 145–155
bidirectional lead screw movable worktable with
two speeds, 146–148
operation of n machines with pause under specific
conditions, 151–155
palindromic movement of worktable with
memory, 148–150
pressurized air, 164
proximity switches, 46–47
synthesis, industrial automation, 107–113
machine operation control from multiple
positions, 107, 108f
operation control of power transformer, 108–109,
110f
operation of two pumps with cyclic alteration,
based on low-high demand, 109, 111
three air compressors with predefined
combinations, 112, 113f
426
◾
Index
Arithmetic logical unit (ALU), 227
Arithmetic switches, 205
Arithmetic systems, 409–418
ASCII code, 417
binary, 410–411, 410f–411f
negative numbers, 411–413, 412f
binary-coded decimal (BCD), 413, 413f
decimal, 409, 410f
Gray code, 417–418, 418t
hexadecimal, 415–417, 415t, 416f
parity checking, 416–417
octal, 413–414, 414f
overview, 409
ASCII code, arithmetic systems, 417
AS-I (actuator-sensor interface) network, 367–368,
367f–368f
Assembly machine, feeder system of, 398–399, 398f
Assembly station, PLC programming in, 339–342, 339f
Assortment of objects by pairs, conveyor system for, 381,
382f, 383
Automated billiard table, PLC-controlled, 388–389,
389f
Automated filling of milk tanks, 389–390
Automatic control, defined, 6–7
Automation
computer-based industrial control and, 13–18
examples synthesis, 82–91
automatic/manual control, 88–89
common automatic command/separate manual
commands, 90
common manual command/separate automatic
commands, 89–90
control panel for operating n machines, 91
operation and fault indication, 83–84
periodic operation of machine with two time
constants, 88
starting delay, machine operation with, 84–86
stopping delay, machine operation with, 87
thermal overload protection, 82–83
two/more points, machine operation, 90–91
hardware components for, see Hardware components
process control and, 6–8
Automation circuits, 26
“command,” principle of, 81–82
defined, 11
design regulations, 102–105
development, 12–13
electro-pneumatic automation, 175–178
implementation, 28, 105–106
latch principle, 79–81
logical design of, see Logical design, of automation
circuits
for motors, 95–97
with inversion in rotation, 95, 96f
star-delta (Y-
∆
) start, 96, 97f
types, 97
operation voltage, 29
principles in designing, 79–82
with sensors, 98–102
of garage door, 101–102
level control, pump operation based on, 100
machine with canceling ability, 98–100
operation of two pumps according to demand,
100–101
Auxiliary circuits, 11
Auxiliary devices, 194
B
Balls, packaging system of, 383–384, 383f
Barrel-filling system for dry bulk material, 405–406,
406f
Base pump, defined, 111
Batch-dyeing process, for textile materials, 6f
Bidirectional lead screw movable worktable with two
speeds, 146–148
Billiard table (automated), PLC-controlled, 388–389,
389f
Bimetallic strip(s)
actuator, 19
behavior of, 38
temperature switch, 59–60
thermal overload relay with, 38–39
Bimetal temperature switch (thermostat), 59–60
Binary arithmetic systems, 410–411, 410f–411f
negative numbers, 411–413, 412f
Binary-coded decimal arithmetic systems (BCD), 413,
413f
Bistable relays, pulse, 31–32
Bleaching, 1
Boolean algebra
defined, 118
postulates and theorems of, 120–121
Boolean logic components, 118–121
Boolean logic instructions, PLC programming,
287–288, 300–315, 300f–314f
example, 313–315, 313f, 314f
impulse generation, 312–313, 312f
AND logic, 307, 307f
logic coils, 308–310, 309f
Mixed AND and OR logic, 307, 308f
OR logic, 307, 307f
OR logic in combination with AND logic, 308, 308f
permanent activation of variables, 310–312, 310f,
311f
P.RLO in Boolean program, 305–306, 306f
S.RLO in Boolean program, 305–306, 306f
Bottle packing station, multiple, 404–405, 405f
Bowling automation, PLC programming in, 345–347,
346f
Braid shield, 251
Branches (sectors), automation circuits in, 12–13
Breakdown/pull-out torque, defined, 23
Bridge, 364
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