Essential Medicines
18th edition
WHO Model List
18
th
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2013)
page - 2
2. MEDICINES FOR PAIN AND PALLIATIVE CARE
2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)
acetylsalicylic acid
Suppository: 50 mg to 150 mg.
Tablet: 100 mg to 500 mg.
ibuprofen a
Oral liquid: 200 mg/5 ml.
Tablet: 200 mg; 400 mg; 600 mg.
a
Not in children less than 3 months.
paracetamol*
Oral liquid: 125 mg/5 ml.
Suppository: 100 mg.
Tablet: 100 mg to 500 mg.
* Not recommended for anti‐inflammatory use due
to lack of proven benefit to that effect.
2.2 Opioid analgesics
codeine
Tablet: 30 mg (phosphate).
morphine*
Granules (slow‐release; to mix with water): 20 mg ‐
200 mg (morphine sulfate).
Injection: 10 mg (morphine hydrochloride
or
morphine sulfate) in 1‐ml ampoule.
Oral liquid: 10 mg (morphine hydrochloride
or
morphine sulfate)/5 ml.
Tablet (slow release): 10 mg‐ 200mg (morphine
hydrochloride or morphine sulfate).
Tablet (immediate release): 10 mg (morphine
sulfate).
*Alternatives limited to hydromorphone and
oxycodone
2.3 Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care
amitriptyline
Tablet: 10 mg; 25 mg; 75 mg
cyclizine [c]
Injection: 50 mg/ml.
Tablet: 50 mg.
dexamethasone
Injection: 4 mg/ml in 1‐ml ampoule (as disodium
phosphate salt).
Oral liquid: 2 mg/5 ml.
Tablet: 2 mg
[c]; 4 mg.
Essential Medicines
18th edition
WHO Model List
18
th
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2013)
page - 3
diazepam
Injection: 5 mg/ml.
Oral liquid: 2 mg/5 ml.
Rectal solution: 2.5 mg; 5 mg; 10 mg.
Tablet: 5 mg; 10 mg.
docusate sodium
Capsule: 100 mg.
Oral liquid: 50 mg/5 ml.
fluoxetine a
Solid oral dosage form: 20 mg (as hydrochloride).
a
>8 years.
haloperidol
Injection: 5 mg in 1‐ml ampoule.
Oral liquid: 2 mg/ml.
Solid oral dosage form: 0.5 mg; 2mg; 5 mg.
hyoscine butylbromide
Injection: 20 mg/ml.
hyoscine hydrobromide [c]
Injection: 400 micrograms/ml; 600 micrograms/ml.
Transdermal patches: 1 mg/72 hours.
lactulose [c]
Oral liquid: 3.1‐3.7 g/5 ml.
loperamide
Solid oral dosage form: 2 mg.
metoclopramide
Injection: 5 mg (hydrochloride)/mL in 2‐mL
ampoule.
Oral liquid: 5 mg/5 mL
Solid oral form: 10 mg (hydrochloride)
midazolam
Injection: 1 mg/ml; 5 mg/ml.
Oral solid dosage form: 7.5 mg; 15 mg.
Oral liquid: 2mg/ml
[c]
ondansetron [c] a
Injection: 2 mg base/ml in 2‐ml ampoule (as
hydrochloride).
Oral liquid: 4 mg base/5 ml.
Solid oral dosage form: Eq 4 mg base; Eq 8 mg base.
a
>1 month.
senna
Oral liquid: 7.5 mg/5 ml.
3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS
dexamethasone
Injection: 4 mg/ml in 1‐ml ampoule (as disodium
phosphate salt).
epinephrine (adrenaline)
Injection: 1 mg (as hydrochloride or hydrogen
tartrate) in 1‐ml ampoule.
hydrocortisone
Powder for injection: 100 mg (as sodium succinate)
in vial.
Essential Medicines
18th edition
WHO Model List
18
th
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2013)
page - 4
loratadine *
Oral liquid: 1 mg/ml.
Tablet: 10 mg.
*There maybe a role for sedating antihistamines for
limited indications (EMLc)
prednisolone
Oral liquid: 5 mg/ml
[c].
Tablet: 5 mg; 25 mg.
4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS
4.1 Non-specific
charcoal, activated
Powder.
4.2 Specific
acetylcysteine
Injection: 200 mg/ml in 10‐ml ampoule.
Oral liquid: 10%
[c]; 20%
[c].
atropine
Injection: 1 mg (sulfate) in 1‐ml ampoule.
calcium gluconate
Injection: 100 mg/ml in 10‐ml ampoule.
methylthioninium chloride
(methylene blue)
Injection: 10 mg/ml in 10‐ml ampoule.
naloxone
Injection: 400 micrograms (hydrochloride) in 1‐ml
ampoule.
penicillamine
Solid oral dosage form: 250 mg.
potassium ferric hexacyano‐ferrate(II) ‐2H
2
0
(Prussian blue)
Powder for oral administration.
sodium nitrite
Injection: 30 mg/ml in 10‐ml ampoule.
sodium thiosulfate
Injection: 250 mg/ml in 50‐ml ampoule.
Complementary List
deferoxamine
Powder for injection: 500 mg (mesilate) in vial.
dimercaprol
Injection in oil: 50 mg/ml in 2‐ml ampoule.
fomepizole
Injection: 5 mg/ml (sulfate) in 20‐ml ampoule or 1 g/ml
(base) in 1.5‐ml ampoule.
sodium calcium edetate
Injection: 200 mg/ml in 5‐ml ampoule.
succimer
Solid oral dosage form: 100 mg.
5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS
carbamazepine
Oral liquid: 100 mg/5 ml.
Tablet (chewable): 100 mg; 200 mg.
Tablet (scored): 100 mg; 200 mg.
diazepam
Gel or rectal solution: 5 mg/ml in 0.5 ml; 2‐ml; 4‐ml
tubes.
Essential Medicines
18th edition
WHO Model List
18
th
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2013)
page - 5
lorazepam
Parenteral formulation: 2 mg/ml in 1‐ml ampoule;
4 mg/ml in 1‐ml ampoule.
magnesium sulfate*
Injection: 500 mg/ml in 2‐ml ampoule; 500 mg/ml in
10‐ml ampoule.
* For use in eclampsia and severe pre‐eclampsia and
not for other convulsant disorders.
phenobarbital
Injection: 200 mg/ml (sodium).
Oral liquid: 15 mg/5 ml.
Tablet: 15 mg to 100 mg.
phenytoin
Injection: 50 mg/ml in 5‐ml vial (sodium salt).
Oral liquid: 25 mg to 30 mg/5 ml.*
Solid oral dosage form: 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg
(sodium salt).
Tablet (chewable): 50 mg.
* The presence of both 25 mg/5 ml and 30 mg/5 ml
strengths on the same market would cause confusion
in prescribing and dispensing and should be
avoided.
valproic acid (sodium valproate)
Oral liquid: 200 mg/5 ml.
Tablet (crushable): 100 mg.
Tablet (enteric‐coated): 200 mg; 500 mg (sodium
valproate).
Complementary List
ethosuximide
Capsule: 250 mg.
Oral liquid: 250 mg/5 ml.
6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES
6.1 Anthelminthics
6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthics
albendazole
Tablet (chewable): 400 mg.
levamisole
Tablet: 50 mg; 150 mg (as hydrochloride).
mebendazole
Tablet (chewable): 100 mg; 500 mg.
niclosamide
Tablet (chewable): 500 mg.
praziquantel
Tablet: 150 mg; 600 mg.
pyrantel
Oral liquid: 50 mg (as embonate
or pamoate)/ml.
Tablet (chewable): 250 mg (as embonate
or
pamoate).
6.1.2 Antifilarials
Essential Medicines
18th edition
WHO Model List
18
th
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2013)
page - 6
albendazole
Tablet (chewable): 400 mg.
diethylcarbamazine
Tablet: 50 mg; 100 mg (dihydrogen citrate).
ivermectin
Tablet (scored): 3 mg.
6.1.3 Antischistosomals and other antitrematode medicines
praziquantel
Tablet: 600 mg.
triclabendazole
Tablet: 250 mg.
Complementary List
oxamniquine*
Capsule: 250 mg.
Oral liquid: 250 mg/5 ml.
* Oxamniquine is listed for use when praziquantel
treatment fails.
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