Direction Execution Protocol (Without Limits)
. . . . . . . . . 46
6.2
Limited Direction Execution Protocol
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.3
Limited Direction Execution Protocol (Timer Interrupt)
. . . . 53
9.1
Stride Scheduling: A Trace
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
16.1 Segment Register Values
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
16.2 Segment Registers (With Negative-Growth Support)
. . . . . 146
16.3 Segment Register Values (with Protection)
. . . . . . . . . . . 147
20.1 A Page Table For 16-KB Address Space
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
20.2 A Page Directory, And Pieces Of Page Table
. . . . . . . . . . 209
22.1 Tracing the Optimal Policy
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
22.2 Tracing the FIFO Policy
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
22.3 Tracing the Random Policy
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
22.4 Tracing the LRU Policy
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
26.1 Thread Trace (1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
26.2 Thread Trace (2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
26.3 Thread Trace (3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
26.4 The Problem: Up Close and Personal
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
28.1 Trace: No Mutual Exclusion
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
29.1 Tracing the Sloppy Counters
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
30.1 Thread Trace: Broken Solution (Version 1)
. . . . . . . . . . . 332
30.2 Thread Trace: Broken Solution (Version 2)
. . . . . . . . . . . 334
31.1 Thread Trace: Single Thread Using A Semaphore
. . . . . . . 343
31.2 Thread Trace: Two Threads Using A Semaphore
. . . . . . . . 344
31.3 Thread Trace: Parent Waiting For Child (Case 1)
. . . . . . . . 346
xxix
xxx
L
IST OF
T
ABLES
31.4 Thread Trace: Parent Waiting For Child (Case 2)
. . . . . . . . 346
32.1 Bugs In Modern Applications
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
37.1 Disk Drive Specs: SCSI Versus SATA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
37.2 Disk Drive Performance: SCSI Versus SATA
. . . . . . . . . . 410
38.1 RAID-0: Simple Striping
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
38.2 Striping with a Bigger Chunk Size
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
38.3 Simple RAID-1: Mirroring
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
38.4 Full-stripe Writes In RAID-4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
38.5 Example: Writes To 4, 13, And Respective Parity Blocks
. . . . 433
38.6 RAID-5 With Rotated Parity
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
38.7 RAID Capacity, Reliability, and Performance
. . . . . . . . . . 435
40.1 The ext2 inode
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
40.2 File System Measurement Summary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
40.3 File Read Timeline (Time Increasing Downward)
. . . . . . . 471
40.4 File Creation Timeline (Time Increasing Downward)
. . . . . 473
42.1 Data Journaling Timeline
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
42.2 Metadata Journaling Timeline
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
44.1 Frequency of LSEs and Block Corruption
. . . . . . . . . . . . 528
48.1 Reading A File: Client-side And File Server Actions
. . . . . 566
49.1 Reading A File: Client-side And File Server Actions
. . . . . 579
49.2 Cache Consistency Timeline
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
49.3 Comparison: AFS vs. NFS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
O
PERATING
S
YSTEMS
[V
ERSION
0.80]
WWW
.
OSTEP
.
ORG
1
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