Article in Journal of Education · July 017 citations reads 9,701 author: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects

Teacher:  Today we are going to talk about electricity. Does anyone of you 

know what electricity is?

Learner:  Electricity is what we use at homes to light or cook

Teacher:  Yes, electricity is what we use at home.

Teacher:  Yes, what else can you say about electricity? 

During classroom observations about 59% of the teachers did not express

their expectations of the learners and the learning goals. While, the other 41%

of teachers only communicated the learning goals, with some teachers even

writing the goals on the chalkboard.

In all the classrooms teachers used a lecture style, telling method and

textbook reading approach. The teaching mainly focused on the imparting of

science facts that were not integrated in the learners’ real world. For example,

in one classroom the topic was about plants. However, instead of taking the

learners outside to observe and explore the surrounding vegetation, learners

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