Jews and Muslims “Downunder”: Emerging Dialogue and Challenges · 105
ongoing physical attacks, vandalism, and anti-Jewish, anti-Israel graffiti.
There was a further increase of anti-Semitic attacks in 2007, even though
there was no clear trigger such as the Second Lebanese War. It is unclear
whether this increase was due to extreme right-wing groups, religious
fanaticism from
both Christians and Muslims,
or extreme left-wing anti-
Zionism, which tends to inflame anti-Semitism.
Whatever the cause, this increased anti-Semitism has placed a huge
security burden on the Jewish community. In 2004, during a parliamen-
tary debate on anti-Semitism, John Brogden, New South Wales Liberal
opposition leader, stated: “On Saturday tens of thousands of Jews across
New South Wales and Australia will attend synagogue. However, unlike
other people involved in religious observance, they will pass security
guards as they walk through the door. Thousands of children attending
Jewish schools in this country will also pass security guards as they walk
in and out of their school gates. Very few, if any, other religious groups
or followers of a faith have security guards at their places of worship.”
28
Fig. 6.2. Increase in anti-Semitic episodes since 1990 (ECAJ,
Report
on Anti-Semitism, 2004).
106 · Suzanne D. Rutland
Maintaining security at all Jewish communal institutions is needed be-
cause, according to the Australian police, Jews are a popular terrorist
target, but this has placed a significant financial burden on the Australian
Jewish community.
From September 2000, members of parliament expressed deep con-
cern and stressed their opposition to anti-Semitic attacks. Following the
doubling of the number of anti-Semitic incidences in 2003, the following
motion was presented to the federal parliament:
Parliament
takes note of
(a) the long history of anti-Semitism and its lethal capacity to in-
fluence many people to express hatred and carry out violence
against
Jewish people;
(b) [an] alarming rise in the incidence of violent anti-Semitic acts
in many countries which have killed Jews and non-Jews alike,
the desecration of Jewish cemeteries and memorials and targeted
assaults on individual members
of the Jewish community; and
(c) [a] disturbing upsurge of anti-Semitic propaganda in print, on
the Internet and circulated through emails, often in the form of
false accusations that Jews are involved in conspiracies against
other people.
Parliament then announced “its unequivocal condemnation of anti-Sem-
itism” and resolved “to condemn all manifestations of anti-Semitism in
Australia as a threat to the freedoms that all citizens should enjoy equally
in a democratic society” and “to take all possible concrete actions at a
national level to combat this threat to our peaceful and diverse nation.”
29
Following extensive debate in both houses, it was passed with strong
bipartisan support. The point was made that the core of multiculturalism
was the importance of tolerance and the acceptance of diversity. A simi-
lar motion was also passed by the New South Wales state parliament on
February 24, 2004, again with strong bipartisan support. Despite these
well-intentioned resolutions, anti-Jewish incidents have increased, with
a few violent incidents occurring in both Sydney and Melbourne. Kevin
Dunn’s 2004 study showed that while racist feelings toward the other
groups in Australian society—the Aborigines, the Asians, and also Mus-
lims—is related to age, so that the younger age groups hold less racist
attitudes toward these groups than those over sixty, there is no parallel
Jews and Muslims “Downunder”: Emerging Dialogue and Challenges · 107
decline in attitudes toward Jews. The younger age groups are only slightly
less prejudiced toward Jews than the older Australians.
30
In analyzing the reasons for the increasing number of attacks on the
Jewish communities, two main groups seem to be involved: the national-
ist right-wing racists, who also attack the Muslim community, and the
radical Muslims. To date, very few arrests have been made in relation
to attacks on the Jewish community. However, the arrest of two key fig-
ures, Jack van Tongeren, white supremist and leader of the neo-Nazi
Australian Nationalist Movement (ANM) in Western Australia, and the
Muslim convert Jack Roche illustrates the groups’ fermenting hatred. Van
Tongeren was arrested and imprisoned for an arson attack on an Asian
restaurant, while Roche was arrested for conspiring to attack the Israeli
embassy in Canberra and a key Melbourne Jewish figure, Chabad Rabbi
Yossi Gutnick. Roche cooperated with the authorities and only served a
short period in prison. However, his plans showed that Muslim radicals
do not distinguish between Jewish and Israeli leaders and institutions
when planning their targets.
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