Why they’re worth studying: The major theoretical technique involved in quake heaps – globally re-
building a structure when it’s not in a good state – is a creative approach to designing a data structure.
This technique can be repurposed in other places and might be a great launching point for revisiting older
structures and looking for improvements.
Pairing Heaps
Fibonacci heaps have excellent amortized runtimes for their operations – in theory. In practice, the over-
head for all the pointer gymnastics renders them slower than standard binary heaps. An alternative struc-
ture called the pairing heap has worse theoretical guarantees than the Fibonacci heap, yet is significantly
simpler and faster in practice.
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