A further account of Glubbdubdrib. Ancient and modern
history corrected.
H
aving a desire to see those ancients who were most re-
nowned for wit and learning, I set apart one day on
purpose. I proposed that Homer and Aristotle might ap-
pear at the head of all their commentators; but these were
so numerous, that some hundreds were forced to attend in
the court, and outward rooms of the palace. I knew, and
could distinguish those two heroes, at first sight, not only
from the crowd, but from each other. Homer was the taller
and comelier person of the two, walked very erect for one
of his age, and his eyes were the most quick and piercing
I ever beheld. Aristotle stooped much, and made use of a
staff. His visage was meagre, his hair lank and thin, and
his voice hollow. I soon discovered that both of them were
perfect strangers to the rest of the company, and had nev-
er seen or heard of them before; and I had a whisper from
a ghost who shall be nameless, ‘that these commentators
always kept in the most distant quarters from their princi-
pals, in the lower world, through a consciousness of shame
and guilt, because they had so horribly misrepresented the
meaning of those authors to posterity.’ I introduced Did-
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ymus and Eustathius to Homer, and prevailed on him to
treat them better than perhaps they deserved, for he soon
found they wanted a genius to enter into the spirit of a poet.
But Aristotle was out of all patience with the account I gave
him of Scotus and Ramus, as I presented them to him; and
he asked them, ‘whether the rest of the tribe were as great
dunces as themselves?’
I then desired the governor to call up Descartes and Gas-
sendi, with whom I prevailed to explain their systems to
Aristotle. This great philosopher freely acknowledged his
own mistakes in natural philosophy, because he proceeded
in many things upon conjecture, as all men must do; and he
found that Gassendi, who had made the doctrine of Epicu-
rus as palatable as he could, and the vortices of Descartes,
were equally to be exploded. He predicted the same fate to
ATTRACTION, whereof the present learned are such zeal-
ous asserters. He said, ‘that new systems of nature were
but new fashions, which would vary in every age; and even
those, who pretend to demonstrate them from mathemat-
ical principles, would flourish but a short period of time,
and be out of vogue when that was determined.’
I spent five days in conversing with many others of the
ancient learned. I saw most of the first Roman emperors. I
prevailed on the governor to call up Heliogabalus’s cooks to
dress us a dinner, but they could not show us much of their
skill, for want of materials. A helot of Agesilaus made us a
dish of Spartan broth, but I was not able to get down a sec-
ond spoonful.
The two gentlemen, who conducted me to the island,
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were pressed by their private affairs to return in three days,
which I employed in seeing some of the modern dead, who
had made the greatest figure, for two or three hundred years
past, in our own and other countries of Europe; and having
been always a great admirer of old illustrious families, I de-
sired the governor would call up a dozen or two of kings,
with their ancestors in order for eight or nine generations.
But my disappointment was grievous and unexpected. For,
instead of a long train with royal diadems, I saw in one
family two fiddlers, three spruce courtiers, and an Italian
prelate. In another, a barber, an abbot, and two cardinals.
I have too great a veneration for crowned heads, to dwell
any longer on so nice a subject. But as to counts, marquis-
es, dukes, earls, and the like, I was not so scrupulous. And
I confess, it was not without some pleasure, that I found
myself able to trace the particular features, by which cer-
tain families are distinguished, up to their originals. I could
plainly discover whence one family derives a long chin;
why a second has abounded with knaves for two genera-
tions, and fools for two more; why a third happened to be
crack-brained, and a fourth to be sharpers; whence it came,
what Polydore Virgil says of a certain great house, Nec vir
fortis, nec foemina casta; how cruelty, falsehood, and cow-
ardice, grew to be characteristics by which certain families
are distinguished as much as by their coats of arms; who
first brought the pox into a noble house, which has lineal-
ly descended scrofulous tumours to their posterity. Neither
could I wonder at all this, when I saw such an interruption
of lineages, by pages, lackeys, valets, coachmen, gamesters,
1
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fiddlers, players, captains, and pickpockets.
I was chiefly disgusted with modern history. For having
strictly examined all the persons of greatest name in the
courts of princes, for a hundred years past, I found how the
world had been misled by prostitute writers, to ascribe the
greatest exploits in war, to cowards; the wisest counsel, to
fools; sincerity, to flatterers; Roman virtue, to betrayers of
their country; piety, to atheists; chastity, to sodomites; truth,
to informers: how many innocent and excellent persons had
been condemned to death or banishment by the practising
of great ministers upon the corruption of judges, and the
malice of factions: how many villains had been exalted to
the highest places of trust, power, dignity, and profit: how
great a share in the motions and events of courts, councils,
and senates might be challenged by bawds, whores, pimps,
parasites, and buffoons. How low an opinion I had of hu-
man wisdom and integrity, when I was truly informed of
the springs and motives of great enterprises and revolutions
in the world, and of the contemptible accidents to which
they owed their success.
Here I discovered the roguery and ignorance of those
who pretend to write anecdotes, or secret history; who send
so many kings to their graves with a cup of poison; will
repeat the discourse between a prince and chief minister,
where no witness was by; unlock the thoughts and cabinets
of ambassadors and secretaries of state; and have the perpet-
ual misfortune to be mistaken. Here I discovered the true
causes of many great events that have surprised the world;
how a whore can govern the back-stairs, the back-stairs a
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council, and the council a senate. A general confessed, in
my presence, ‘that he got a victory purely by the force of
cowardice and ill conduct;’ and an admiral, ‘that, for want
of proper intelligence, he beat the enemy, to whom he in-
tended to betray the fleet.’ Three kings protested to me, ‘that
in their whole reigns they never did once prefer any person
of merit, unless by mistake, or treachery of some minister in
whom they confided; neither would they do it if they were
to live again:’ and they showed, with great strength of rea-
son, ‘that the royal throne could not be supported without
corruption, because that positive, confident, restiff temper,
which virtue infused into a man, was a perpetual clog to
public business.’
I had the curiosity to inquire in a particular manner, by
what methods great numbers had procured to themselves
high titles of honour, and prodigious estates; and I confined
my inquiry to a very modern period: however, without grat-
ing upon present times, because I would be sure to give no
offence even to foreigners (for I hope the reader need not
be told, that I do not in the least intend my own country, in
what I say upon this occasion,) a great number of persons
concerned were called up; and, upon a very slight examina-
tion, discovered such a scene of infamy, that I cannot reflect
upon it without some seriousness. Perjury, oppression, sub-
ornation, fraud, pandarism, and the like infirmities, were
among the most excusable arts they had to mention; and
for these I gave, as it was reasonable, great allowance. But
when some confessed they owed their greatness and wealth
to sodomy, or incest; others, to the prostituting of their
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own wives and daughters; others, to the betraying of their
country or their prince; some, to poisoning; more to the
perverting of justice, in order to destroy the innocent, I
hope I may be pardoned, if these discoveries inclined me a
little to abate of that profound veneration, which I am nat-
urally apt to pay to persons of high rank, who ought to be
treated with the utmost respect due to their sublime dignity,
by us their inferiors.
I had often read of some great services done to princes
and states, and desired to see the persons by whom those
services were performed. Upon inquiry I was told, ‘that
their names were to be found on no record, except a few of
them, whom history has represented as the vilest of rogues
and traitors.’ As to the rest, I had never once heard of them.
They all appeared with dejected looks, and in the meanest
habit; most of them telling me, ‘they died in poverty and
disgrace, and the rest on a scaffold or a gibbet.’
Among others, there was one person, whose case ap-
peared a little singular. He had a youth about eighteen years
old standing by his side. He told me, ‘he had for many years
been commander of a ship; and in the sea fight at Actium
had the good fortune to break through the enemy’s great
line of battle, sink three of their capital ships, and take a
fourth, which was the sole cause of Antony’s flight, and of
the victory that ensued; that the youth standing by him, his
only son, was killed in the action.’ He added, ‘that upon the
confidence of some merit, the war being at an end, he went
to Rome, and solicited at the court of Augustus to be pre-
ferred to a greater ship, whose commander had been killed;
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but, without any regard to his pretensions, it was given to a
boy who had never seen the sea, the son of Libertina, who
waited on one of the emperor’s mistresses. Returning back
to his own vessel, he was charged with neglect of duty, and
the ship given to a favourite page of Publicola, the vice-
admiral; whereupon he retired to a poor farm at a great
distance from Rome, and there ended his life.’ I was so cu-
rious to know the truth of this story, that I desired Agrippa
might be called, who was admiral in that fight. He appeared,
and confirmed the whole account: but with much more ad-
vantage to the captain, whose modesty had extenuated or
concealed a great part of his merit.
I was surprised to find corruption grown so high and so
quick in that empire, by the force of luxury so lately intro-
duced; which made me less wonder at many parallel cases
in other countries, where vices of all kinds have reigned so
much longer, and where the whole praise, as well as pillage,
has been engrossed by the chief commander, who perhaps
had the least title to either.
As every person called up made exactly the same ap-
pearance he had done in the world, it gave me melancholy
reflections to observe how much the race of human kind
was degenerated among us within these hundred years past;
how the pox, under all its consequences and denominations
had altered every lineament of an English countenance;
shortened the size of bodies, unbraced the nerves, relaxed
the sinews and muscles, introduced a sallow complexion,
and rendered the flesh loose and rancid.
I descended so low, as to desire some English yeoman
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of the old stamp might be summoned to appear; once so
famous for the simplicity of their manners, diet, and dress;
for justice in their dealings; for their true spirit of liberty;
for their valour, and love of their country. Neither could I
be wholly unmoved, after comparing the living with the
dead, when I considered how all these pure native virtues
were prostituted for a piece of money by their grand-chil-
dren; who, in selling their votes and managing at elections,
have acquired every vice and corruption that can possibly
be learned in a court.
Gulliver’s Travels
Chapter IX
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