1. I
NTRODUCTION
Let us consider the features of the methodology of communicative training in the form in which it is presented in the
recommendations of the managers and developers of the already mentioned Program of the Council of Europe. Such
recommendations are summarized and systematized by Joe Shiels, a leading expert of the Modern languages section of the Council
of Europe in the compendium "Communication in the modern languages classroom".
2. M
AIN PART
At the beginning of the recommendations, the initial positions regarding the goals and conditions of training in the framework of a
specific implementation of the communicative approach are set out, their difference from the traditional, standard ones.
A separate block of recommendations is intended for the formation of students ' skills of semantic perception and understanding
of foreign language speech. Here, the main factors that determine the processes of perception and understanding are carefully
interpreted: knowledge of the surrounding world, knowledge of the subject/topic, knowledge of the grammar and vocabulary of the
language being studied, the context of presentation or functioning of the language and speech material. Educational and
methodological support of the processes of perception and understanding of foreign language material is achieved by three forms
of organization of receptive activity of students:
1) educational activities that precede the auditory perception of foreign language speech or reading a text in a foreign language;
2) learning activities in the process of listening to or reading the text;
3) learning activities that follow auditory perception or reading.
In comparison with our teaching practice, it is of particular interest for students to compose their own text at the pre-text stage as a
result of the teacher's actions to activate their background knowledge, interest, and experience in the form of brainstorming,
anticipation, and creative activity. Undoubtedly, the preliminary text activity of the students is guided by the teacher on the content
and characteristics of the actual sample of foreign language speech presented at the text stage. Accordingly, the comparison of the
texts created by the students and the educational text is carried out here. In this context, all sorts of communicative attitudes are
implemented - joint discussion, proposal of solutions, actual solution of problems and tasks, mutual assessment and self-assessment,
going beyond the content of texts, transferring to real-life situations, etc.
A whole set of requirements is imposed on the choice of texts for reading and auditory perception, their content, types, and
authenticity. At the same time, the factors accompanying the presentation of texts and working with them are analyzed, and
possible and real difficulties of perception are highlighted.
The block of recommendations for the formation, development and improvement of the skills of auditory perception of foreign
language speech includes methodological techniques and exercises for all stages of working with a sample of foreign language
speech: pre-text (pre-listening activities), text (while-listening activities), post-text (post-listening activities).
At the pre-text stage, students are informed about the type of text to listen to and the nature of the presentation of the material
(message, narrative, description, interview, etc.). Then they can be offered: background information to the text; recommendations
regarding the perception of the text, related difficulties; a brief, in the form of a summary, oral presentation of the text; photos or
drawings illustrating the content of the text; keywords and expressions; discussion of the topic of the text; reading the summary for
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