Each of these chairs is hand-crafted.
All of the chairs are made in a factory.
The doctor spends an hour with each of the patients.
All of the patients think he’s a great doctor.
With “each,” we ALWAYS use the singular form of the verb:
Each of these chairs
are
is hand-crafted.
= Each chair is hand-crafted.
Each of the patients
were
was seen by the doctor.
= Each patient was seen by the doctor.
Sentences with “all of” use the singular form of the verb if the noun is singular, and
the plural form of the verb if the noun is plural:
All of the beer is imported.
(beer = singular)
All of the bottles are recyclable.
(bottles = plural)
All your advice was excellent.
(advice = singular)
All your suggestions were excellent.
(suggestions = plural)
P a g e
| 30
www.EspressoEnglish.net
all ready / already / all right / alright
All ready and all right (two words) mean that everything is ready or everything is
correct / OK:
The students are all ready for the test.
= All the students are ready for the test.
Your answers are all right.
= All your answers are right.
Already means that something happened earlier than expected:
He’s only 14 and he’s already graduated from high school – he’s a genius!
The repairs on my car are finished already? Wow, that was fast.
You don’t have to wash the dishes – I’ve already done it.
All right can also mean OK/uninjured, acceptable, or average.
Are you all right?
= Are you OK? (after someone falls down and may have injured themselves)
If it’s all right with you, we’ll reschedule the meeting.
= If it’s acceptable to you
The food at that restaurant is all right.
= Average; not especially great, but not bad either
Alright is a variant of “all right” that is not considered correct, even though many
people use it informally.
allow / let / permit
These verbs all have the same meaning. The difference is in their grammatical
structure:
LET + PERSON/THING + VERB (base form – without “to”)
Examples:
I don’t let my kids watch violent movies.
P a g e
| 31
www.EspressoEnglish.net
Mary’s father won’t let her adopt a puppy because he’s allergic to dogs.
Our boss doesn’t let us eat lunch at our desks; we have to eat in the cafeteria.
Oops! I wasn’t paying attention while cooking, and I let the food burn.
Don’t let the advertising expenses surpass $1000.
The simple past tense of let is also let; there is no change!
The verbs allow and permit are more formal ways to say “let.” However, with allow
and permit, we use to + verb:
I don’t allow my kids to watch violent movies.
Our boss doesn’t permit us to eat lunch at our desks.
Permit is the most formal, let is the least formal, and allow is in the middle.
With permit and allow, we can also say that something is or is not
permitted/allowed:
Smoking is not allowed.
Employees are allowed to take a one-hour lunch break.
Passengers are not permitted to use cell phones during
takeoff.
With a tourist visa, you are permitted to stay in the
country for 90 days.
allude / elude
If you allude to something, it means you refer to it indirectly, without saying it
specifically. For example, if there is a software program with lots of bugs and errors,
the developer might allude to the problems by saying “The process of developing
the software has been very challenging.” – He does not mention the problems, but he
hints at them by describing the development as “challenging.”
If someone has just received a promotion, they might allude to it by saying they’re
happy about recent events at work. Again, the person didn’t specifically say “I’m
happy because I got a promotion,” they just referred to it very indirectly.
The word elude means to avoid or escape from something – we often talk about
criminals eluding the police or eluding capture.
P a g e
| 32
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |