Prêter/emprunter
There is some confusion in English when speakers use the verb to loan, without making a clear
distinction between the verbs to lend and to borrow. There is no such confusion in French.
Prêter
Ils prêtent à 8%.
They give loans at 8%.
Pourrais-tu me prêter ta voiture
Could you lend me your car on
samedi?
Sunday?
Vous devrez prêter serment.
You’ll have to take an oath.
Tu devrais prêter un peu plus
You should pay more attention
attention à ce qu’ils disent.
to what they have to say.
Isabelle Huppert a prêté son nom
Isabelle Huppert lent her name
à une organisation de bienfaisance.
to a charity.
Emprunter
Les Tanguy ont emprunté 50 000
The Tanguys borrowed 50,000
euros à la banque.
euros from the bank.
Pourquoi n’empruntes-tu pas ce
Why don’t you borrow this new
nouveau roman à la bibliothèque?
novel from the library?
Ces métaphores sont empruntées
These metaphors are derived
à la musique baroque.
from baroque music.
Les randonneurs ont emprunté un
The hikers used a steep path to
sentier escarpé pour arriver au col
get to the Ventoux mountain
du Ventoux.
pass.
N’empruntez pas ce passage souterrain! Do not use this underpass!
Poser/demander/interroger/mettre ou remettre en question
These verbs are used in specific ways and are often confused. Most important, remember to poser
une question.
Poser
Le propriétaire leur a posé des questions. The owner asked them some questions.
Vous devriez lui poser la question.
You should ask him about it.
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Demander
Il a demandé l’autorisation de créer
He asked for permission to create an
une association.
association.
Elle a demandé une réponse d’ici jeudi.
She asked for an answer by Thursday.
Interroger
La police a interrogé le suspect pendant The police questioned the suspect for
trois heures.
three hours.
Vendredi, vous serez interrogés par
On Friday, you’ll be given a written test on
écrit sur la géographie de la France.
the geography of France.
Mettre en question/remettre (se remettre) en question
These two verbs are interchangeable most of the time. It all depends on the context:
Le directeur du marketing a mis en
The marketing director questioned this
question la compétence de ce candidat. candidate’s competence.
Un scientifique de renom met en
One well-known scientist questions
question cette nouvelle théorie.
this theory.
Ce projet artistique est sans cesse
This artistic project is continually being
remis en question.
called into question.
Selon Sartre, il est important de se
According to Sartre, it is important to
remettre en question de temps en
do some soul-searching now and then.
temps.
Commander/ordonner
Commander
Mesdames, avez-vous déjà commandé?
Ladies, have you already ordered?
J’ai commandé trois livres et un DVD
I ordered three books and one DVD
sur Amazon.fr.
on Amazon.fr.
Ordonner
Il leur a ordonné de se taire.
He ordered them to be quiet.
Le général va ordonner que ce soit
The general will order that it be done
fait sur-le-champ.
immediately.
31·10
EXERCICE
Translate the following sentences, using tu or vous, as indicated.
1. Ask for an appointment for Friday morning. (tu)
2. Paul wants to borrow my car on Sunday afternoon.
3. Céline ordered a chocolate mousse.
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4. Alexandre continually questions his choice of career.
5. Can you lend me the notes you took at the conference? (vous)
6. The mayor of Strasbourg has ordered the closing of a discotheque.
7. This expression is probably derived from the German language.
8. I would like to ask you a delicate question. (vous)
9. Inès borrowed a dress from her best friend, Noami.
10. The detective questioned Jean and his brother.
Apporter/emporter/rapporter/amener/emmener
These verbs indicate someone bringing or taking things somewhere. It is important to use these
verbs only with things, not human beings. Apporter and amener start with an a-, so the thing or
the person comes to the speaker. Emporter and emmener start with an e-, actually an ex in
Latin, so it goes out, away from the speaker. This is one trick to remember. Some exceptions can
be found in literary discourse and abstract statements. However, this is the basic rule you need to
refer to in everyday conversation. And be careful, even French people tend to make this mistake.
You have to prove them wrong!
Apporter
Apporte-moi une tasse de thé!
Bring me a cup of tea!
Le président a apporté bien des
The president brought many changes.
changements.
Emporter
Ma tante Jeanne emporte au moins
My aunt Jeanne takes at least three suitcases
trois valises en vacances.
on vacation.
Dans ce petit restaurant, il y a des
At this restaurant, there are hot dishes to
plats chauds à emporter.
take out.
Rapporter
Quand voulez-vous que je rapporte
When do you want me to bring back
votre couscoussier?
your couscous maker?
Érica rapportera une baguette
Érica will bring a baguette when she
en rentrant.
gets back.
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Amener/emmener
Amène les enfants chez moi vers
Bring the children home around
dix heures!
10 o’clock.
Qu’est-ce qui vous amène ici?
What brings you here?
J’emmène Alice à la piscine en matin.
I’ll take Alice to the swimming pool this morning.
Here are some exceptions when amener means to be the cause, to provoke.
La sécheresse a amené la famine.
The drought brought about famine.
Cela pourrait l’amener à démissionner.
This could bring him to resign.
Aménager/emménager/déménager
Aménager
Aménager is an important verb to know how to handle. You’ll read it in the press every day.
L’État va aménager de nouveaux
The government is going to develop some
espaces dans le bois de Vincennes.
new areas in the bois de Vincennes.
Le patron a décidé d’aménager
The boss has decided to adjust the
les horaires de travail.
working hours.
But you can also use aménager at home:
Florence va aménager cette chambre
Florence is going to convert this bedroom
en bureau.
into a study.
Dans ce catalogue figurent des cuisines
This catalog features fully equipped and
aménagées en design contemporain. modernly designed kitchens.
Emménager
Emménager starts with an e-, which indicates that you are going from point A to point B.
Les Gautier viennent d’emménager
The Gautiers just moved into a new
dans un nouvel appartement.
apartment.
Théo a fini par emménager avec
Théo finally moved in with his partner.
sa compagne.
Déménager
Here comes the problem! Déménager simply indicates the idea of moving out of somewhere, not
of moving in, like emménager. This is a typical mistake. Be aware of it. Remember Théo and
Véronique!
Véronique doit déménager avant le
Véronique must move out before March 31st.
31 mars.
L’entreprise va déménager ses bureaux
The company will move its offices on the
sur l’île de la Jatte.
Île de la Jatte.
Rencontrer/rejoindre/retrouver/se joindre à
Here are some other tough ones. Here again, the English language is the culprit because the verb
to meet is so elastic. Look carefully at the examples and familiarize yourself with the nuances.
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