Young children are like little tyrants.
15
They struggle to conceive of anything in life beyond
what is immediately pleasurable or painful for them at any given moment. They cannot feel
empathy. They cannot imagine what life is like in your shoes. All they know is that they want
some fucking ice cream.
16
A young child’s identity is therefore very small and fragile. It is constituted by simply what
gives pleasure and what avoids pain. Susie likes chocolate. She is afraid of dogs. She enjoys
coloring. She is often mean to her brother. This is the extent of Susie’s identity because her
Thinking Brain has not yet developed enough meaning to create coherent stories for her. It’s only
when she’s old enough to ask what the pleasure is
for, what the pain is
for, that she can develop
some meaningful narratives for herself, and establish identity.
The knowledge of pleasure and pain is still there in adolescence. It’s just that pleasure and
pain no longer dictate most decision making.
17
They are no longer the basis of our values. Older
children weigh their personal feelings against their understanding of rules, trade-offs, and the
social order around them to plan and make decisions. This gives them larger, sturdier identities.
18
The adolescent does the same stumbling around the young child does in learning what is
pleasurable and what is painful, except the adolescent stumbles around by trying on different
social rules and roles. If I wear this, will it make me cool? If I talk like that, will it make people
like me? If I pretend to enjoy this music, will I be popular?
19
This is an improvement, but there’s still a weakness in this adolescent approach to life.
Everything is seen as a trade-off. Adolescents approach life as an endless series of bargains: I
will do what my boss says so I can get money. I will call my mother so I don’t get yelled at. I
will do my homework so I don’t fuck up my future. I will lie and pretend to be nice so I don’t
have to deal with conflict.
Nothing is done for its own sake. Everything is a calculated transaction, usually made out of
fear of the negative repercussions. Everything is a
means to some pleasurable end.
20
The problem with adolescent values is that if you hold them, you never actually stand for
something outside yourself. You are still at heart a child, albeit a cleverer and much more
sophisticated child. Everything still revolves around maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain,
it’s just that the adolescent is savvy enough to think a few moves ahead to get there.
In the end, adolescent values are self-defeating. You can’t live your entire life this way,
otherwise you’re never actually living your own life. You’re merely living out an aggregation of
the desires of the people around you.
To become an emotionally healthy individual, you must break out of this constant
bargaining, endlessly treating everyone as a means to some pleasurable end, and come to
understand even higher and more abstract guiding principles.
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