Single program, multiple data
streams (SPMD)
Multiple autonomous processors
simultaneously executing the same
program (but at independent points,
rather than in the lockstep that SIMD
…
imposes) on different data. Also termed
single process, multiple data
[10]
- the use
of this terminology for SPMD is
technically incorrect, as SPMD is a
parallel execution model and assumes
multiple cooperating processors
executing a program. SPMD is the most
common style of parallel
programming.
[12]
The SPMD model and
the term was proposed by Frederica
Darema of the RP3 team.
[13]
Multiple programs, multiple data
streams (MPMD)
Multiple autonomous processors
simultaneously operating at least 2
…
independent programs. Typically such
systems pick one node to be the "host"
("the explicit host/node programming
model") or "manager" (the
"Manager/Worker" strategy), which runs
one program that farms out data to all
the other nodes which all run a second
program. Those other nodes then return
their results directly to the manager. An
example of this would be the Sony
PlayStation 3 game console, with its
SPU/PPU processor.
Duncan's taxonomy
Feng's classification
Shuningdek qarang
Händler's
Erlangen Classification
System
(ECS)
SWAR
1. Flynn, Michael J. (September 1972).
"Some Computer Organizations and Their
Effectiveness". IEEE Transactions on
Computers. C-21 (9): 948–960.
doi:10.1109/TC.1972.5009071 .
2. Duncan, Ralph (February 1990). "A Survey
of Parallel Computer Architectures"
(PDF)
. Computer. 23 (2): 5–16.
doi:10.1109/2.44900 . Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 2018-07-18.
Retrieved 2018-07-18.
3. http://www.cse.msu.edu/~cse820/lecture
s/CAQA5e_ch4.pdf
Adabiyotlar
4. http://www.nvidia.com/content/PDF/ferm
i_white_papers/NVIDIA_Fermi_Compute_
Architecture_Whitepaper.pdf
5. Spector, A.; Gifford, D. (September 1984).
"The space shuttle primary computer
system". Communications of the ACM. 27
(9): 872–900.
doi:10.1145/358234.358246 .
. "Single Program Multiple Data stream
(SPMD)" . Llnl.gov. Retrieved 2013-12-09.
7. [1] Archived September 1, 2006, at the
Wayback Machine
. "CTC Virtual Workshop" .
Web0.tc.cornell.edu. Retrieved
2013-12-09.
9. "NIST SP2 Primer: Distributed-memory
programming" . Math.nist.gov. Archived
from the original on 2013-12-13.
Retrieved 2013-12-09.
10. [2] Archived February 3, 2007, at the
Wayback Machine
11. [3] Archived September 10, 2006, at the
Wayback Machine
12. "Single program multiple data" . Nist.gov.
2004-12-17. Retrieved 2013-12-09.
13. Darema, Frederica; George, David A.;
Norton, V. Alan; Pfister, Gregory F. (1988).
"A single-program-multiple-data
computational model for
EPEX/FORTRAN". Parallel Computing. 7
(1): 11–24. doi:10.1016/0167-
8191(88)90094-4 .
So'nggi marta 4 oy oldin Monkbot tomonidan tahrirlangan
Tarkib CC BY-SA 3.0 ostida mavjud, agar
boshqacha ko'rsatilmagan bo'lsa.
This article is based on material taken
from the Free On-line Dictionary of
Computing prior to 1 November 2008 and
incorporated under the "relicensing"
terms of the GFDL, version 1.3 or later.
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