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Table 4. The research results of dietary habits in all tested pregnant women
Dietary habits
F
*
p
SCL 90-R (X±SD)
<40% CH; N=17 40-60% CH; N=112 >60% CH; N=27
Somatization
0.81±0.62 0.84±0.64 1.37±0.83
6.95
0.001
a
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms
0.71±0.60 0.70±0.60 1.25±0.63
9.14
<0.001
b
Interpersonal vulnerability
0.58±0.43 0.61±0.51 0.76±0.33
1.18
0.310
Depression
0.85±0.47 0.83±0.52 1.15±0.54
4.16
0.017
c
Anxiety
0.94±0.57 1.02±0.67 1.50±0.65
6.14
0.003
d
Aggressiveness
0.44±0.45 0.48±0.46 0.68±0.34
2.57
0.080
Phobias
0.36±0.40 0.30±0.41 0.48±0.30
2.24
0.110
Paranoia
0.48±0.39 0.51±0.48 0.76±0.39
3.44
0.035
e
Psychotic
features
0.39±0.29 0.38±0.33 0.50±0.33
1.34
0.264
Nonspecific
symptoms
0.96±0.67 0.89±0.54 1.34±0.58
6.75
0.002
f
*
One-way variance analysis;
a
Post hoc Sheffe test; p=0.032; p=0.002;
b
Post hoc Sheffe test; p=<0.001; p=0.018;
c
Post hoc Sheffe test; p=0.019;
d
Post hoc Sheffe test; p=0.004; p=0.027;
e
Post hoc Sheffe test; p=0.043:
f
Post
hoc Sheffe test; p=0.002
a
Score significantly higher in women with s>60% compared to pregnant women with 40-60% and <40% (p=0.002, p=0.032);
b
Score significantly higher in women with s>60% compared to pregnant women with s 40-60% and <40% (p<0.001, p=0.018);
c
Score significantly higher in women with s>60% compared to pregnant women with s 40-60% (p=0.019);
d
Score significantly higher in women with s>60% compared to pregnant women with s 40-60% and <40% (p=0.004, p=0.027);
e
Score significantly higher in women with s>60% compared to pregnant women with s 40-60% (p=0.043);
f
Score significantly higher in women with s>60% compared to pregnant women with s 40-60% (p=0.002).
Most frequently, they included somatization
symptoms: headaches, feeling of dizziness and
fainting, pain in various parts of a body, feeling of
weakness and heaviness of hands and feet, etc., the
symptoms of obsessive-compulsive dimensions:
difficulty in memory and concentration, symptoms
of depression: feeling of weakness and fatigue,
mood decrease and excessive worry about
anything, anxiety: anxiety and inner agitation,
unanticipated fear without a reason, phobic
symptoms of anxiety: the fear of going out, fear of
open spaces, etc. The women showed fewer
symptoms of hostility, paranoid behavior and
psychosis. They more often showed difficulties,
restlessness and sleep disturbance, excessive
appetite (Derogatis 1977). The frequency of
psychiatric disorders during pregnancy in a study
conducted in India, which was published in 2005,
was between 10-16% while in the postpartum
period it was between 30-50%. The frequency of
psychiatric disorders during pregnancy in a study
conducted in Sweden was 6.4% (Börjesson at al.
2005).
According to the World Health Organization,
criteria metabolic syndrome was found in 19
(23.2%) pregnant women who had statistically
higher prevalence of psychological symptoms
(p<0.001). Psychological disorders are more
common in patients with the metabolic syndrome,
which numerous studies conducted over many
years including the newer ones indicate
(Jakovljević 2007, McCarron 2007). They connect
the warfare in our region, metabolic syndrom and
mental disorders (Babić et al. 2007), psychotic
reactions may appear (Maslov et al. 2008).
Previous gestational diabetes and glucose intole-
rance increase the metabolic syndrome frequency
in those women over the next five years (42%).
(Survey conducted in the Department of Gyneco-
logy and Obstetrics Petrova, original work 2009).
The research revealed increased values of
triglycerides and cholesterol in pregnant women.
Increased values were found in moderately
overweight and obese women with a higher BMI.
Those women were taking more than 60% of
carbohydrate in their diet, and showed a
significantly higher score for psychiatric disorders
in pregnancy. In the tested sample of women with
pathological pregnancies, 19 of them (23.1%)
corresponded to criteria for the diagnosis of
metabolic syndrome. Obesity, diabetes and
hypertension were significantly more frequent in
pathological pregnancy. Women with pathological
pregnancy had a statistically higher blood pressure
(systolic 132.68 mmHg, 84.94 mmHg diastolic)
compared to the group of women with normal
pregnancy (118.13 mmHg systolic, diastolic 75.31
mmHg). The most common symptoms include:
somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms,
depression, anxiety and non-specific symptoms.
Vedran Bjelanović, Dragan Babić, Vajdana Tomić, Marko Martinac, Monika Tomić & Ivan Kuvačić: METABOLIC SYNDROME AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS IN PATHOLOGICAL PREGNANCY Psychiatria Danubina, 2009; Vol. 21, No. 4, pp 589–593
593
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