Analyzing the Leadership Capacity Challenge:
Towards Potential Intervention Strategies
Patrick Fitzgerald *
Leadership and Leadership Theory
The leadership question is an old, actually, an ancient issue. The stories, myths,
fables and legends of pre-history, within the lore of any or all cultures, abound in
the narration and interrogation of the leadership role – and its drama.
The development of leadership theory during the course of the last century is
both instructive and unhelpful at the same time. Instructive in that various theoreti-
cal approaches to leadership such as “trait theory”, “behaviourism”, “situationalist”,
“transactional”,”transformative”, and so on, have provided a vocabulary capable of fa-
cilitating discussion beyond the merely “great man” or entirely mystical approach.
This is not to say that leadership, and its fostering and nurture in individuals,
organizations or societies, is without mystery. Despite the numerous scholarly,
semi-scholarly and populist texts abounding in airport and other bookshops, the
issues around leadership, and how best to develop it, remain somewhat opaque. To
this extent leadership theory has been unhelpful, insofar as it is yet to rise beyond
the descriptive grammar of a range of observed leadership-related characteristics
and behaviour – without actual cogent or “scientific” explanation of leadership in
action or its strategic cultivation.
It is said that in the case of the discipline of philosophy, it is unfair to expect
precise knowledge or predictability-orientated explanation, as whenever such para-
digm emerges it becomes a fully-fledged discipline in itself. Thus, mathematics,
physics, astronomy, history, political science, chemistry, psychology and so on have
all emerged from the work of philosophical discourse and speculation.
Leadership theory is in very much the same position in that what can be reli-
ably known and easily replicated is quickly assimilated to management “science”,
organizational behaviour theory, communication theory, sociology of organizations,
social psychology, political science or even constitutional and legal procedure.
Leadership itself thus remains in a situation of constantly moving goalposts,
continuing to represent contextual applications of implicit knowledge. What we
tend to ascribe to “leadership” is precisely those tacit and complex attributes and
insights which are constantly eluding our available theoretical and managerial
concepts and vocabulary.
Metaphorically then, we are always turning our heads to squint at the leadership
concept, having glimpsed seeming coherent flashes of explanatory methodology
* Director of the Graduate School of Public & Development Management, University of the Wit-
watersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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