A brief History of Time Stephen Hawking



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A Brief History of Time From the Big Bang to Black Holes

Stationary state: One that is not changing with time: a sphere spinning at a constant rate is stationary because
it looks identical at any given instant.
String theory: A theory of physics in which particles are described as waves on strings. Strings have length but
no other dimension.
Strong force: The strongest of the four fundamental forces, with the shortest range of all. It holds the quarks
together within protons and neutrons, and holds the protons and neutrons together to form atoms.
Uncertainty principle: The principle, formulated by Heisenberg, that one can never be exactly sure of both the
position and the velocity of a particle; the more accurately one knows the one, the less accurately one can
know the other.
Virtual particle: In quantum mechanics, a particle that can never be directly detected, but whose existence
does have measurable effects.
Wave/particle duality: The concept in quantum mechanics that there is no distinction between waves and
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