The subjects observed in this study are students who are aged 7 to 12 from Grade two through Grade six, studying in
the Cambridge Young Learners English (CYLE) School in the city Nanchong and in Langzhong. The teachers involved
in this research are the teachers working in school of foreign languages of China West Normal University. They all have
three or more years’ experience in English language teaching, and teach the students on every weekend. The textbook
used in CYLE School is “Cambridge Young Learners English Pupil’s Book”, which includes three levels: starters
(primary 1-2), movers (primary 3-4), and flyers (primary 5-6).
B. Instruments
Video capturing device and interviews are the main instruments used in this study as the subject is child students and
questionnaire is a little difficult to handle.
1) Video Capture
Some useful and important class presentation pieces were noted as often as possible, including the teacher’s
strategies used for promoting children’s leaning motivation and the reactions the students showed in order to make the
study more reliable. Additionally, three lessons of each teacher were examined in detail in the hope that they can help
illustrate the specific strategies used in English language classes to encourage and maintain children’s motivation for
learning English.
2) Observation
As one of the teacher participants is the researcher herself, most of her class presentations were mainly observed
carefully by herself instead of video capturing. During the observation, not only the students’ performances in class
were particularly noticed, but also the strategies used and the reason for using them were noted clearly. To do this is just
for the purpose of making sure the reliability of this study.
3) Interviews
Interviews with the four teachers and their students were conducted throughout a whole year. What the students said
was taken down by the researcher during the interview in order not to miss any useful information for the research. The
main questions concerning the satisfaction of needs in child English language learning and motivation maintaining are
given in the next part.
IV.
R
ESULTS OF THE
S
TUDY
Data collected in the observation and transcriptions are carefully analyzed in this part. We are going to centre on the
activities the students took part in and their reactions after an English lesson. The analysis and discussions will focus on
the results of learners’ needs analysis based on the data collected from the observation and interviews.
A. Analysis of Needs in Child English Language Learning
In order to investigate how the five needs are satisfied in child English language learning, the researcher has tried to
identify the characteristics of the children during the study.
Extract of the Interview with Students:
1. Why are you learning English?
A1: I like English cartoons.
A2: Parents ask me to study English.
A3: I have no idea.
2. Q: Do you think English is a very useful language?
A1: Yes.
A2: I don’t know.
A3: No.
3. Q: How do you feel when your teacher speaks English in class?
A1: Fantastic.
A2: I cannot understand.
A3: Interesting but difficult to understand.
4. Q: What are your favorite class activities?
A1: Group discussion.
A2: Story reading.
A3: Game playing.
5. Q: Do you like English? If do, how much do you like?
A1: Yes, very much.
A2: Yes, a little.
A3: No.
A4: I don’t know.
6. Q: How do you think of your English teacher’s teaching in your language classroom? Are you satisfied or not?
A1: Satisfied.
A2: Relatively satisfied.
A3: No, not satisfied.
A4: No comment.
7. Q: Do you usually become nervous when you are studying or using English?
A1: Yes.
THEORY AND PRACTICE IN LANGUAGE STUDIES
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© 2016 ACADEMY PUBLICATION
A2: Sometimes.
A3: No.
8. Q: If you compare yourself to your classmates, what will your self-rating English proficiency level be? You can
choose one from the following: Very bad; bad; medium; good; very good.
A1: Good.
A2: Medium.
A3: Bad.
9. Q: Do you often review or preview English lessons no matter the teacher asks you to do or not?
A1: Yes.
A2: No.
A3: Never think of.
10. Q: Have you ever tried to practice English with other students?
A1: Yes.
A2: No.
A3: Never think of.
11. Q: Do you want to learn about the culture of English speakers?
A1: yes.
A2: Never think of.
A3: No.
T
ABLE
1
F
REQUENCY OF THE
A
NSWERS
(T
OTAL NUMBER
:
27)
Answers
Questions
A1
A2
A3
A4
Q1
8
15
4
Q2
22
3
2
Q3
6
12
9
Q4
3
6
18
Q5
8
7
7
5
Q6
14
3
3
7
Q7
12
10
5
Q8
5
17
5
Q9
11
9
7
Q10
7
9
11
Q11
8
13
6
After observing the students in classrooms and talking to those specific child language learners, the researcher found
some common characteristics of most of the subjects according to Table 1:
1. They are not curious enough as a young child should be and most of them have passive interest in language
learning. (See Q1, Q11)
2. Ambiguity of language learning motivation exists. (See Q1, Q5, Q9, Q10, Q11)
3. They are not satisfied enough with the learning environment and the methodologies teachers employ in their
classroom teaching. (See Q3, Q6)
4. Interactive activities are popular with child students. (See Q4)
5. Fear and anxiety are the main obstacles in child English language learning. (See Q3, Q7)
6. Lack conscious desire for success due to the class activities in which cooperation is emphasized while personal
identification is neglected. (See 4, Q8, Q9)
The investigation into child students identifies the existence of the five needs, i.e. safety need, belongingness and
love need, esteem need, apprehension need and the need for self-actualization in child language learning which have not
been satisfied enough. For example, most child subjects avoid answering questions raised by the teacher in classes as
well as practicing English with their classmates which implies their needs for safety and love are not well satisfied.
Child students are also afraid of failures like adults, so to get more students motivated to involve in their classroom
language learning, praise and encouragement from the teachers are required and designs of questions and classroom
tasks need more careful consideration.
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