Teaching Secondary Students to Write Effectively

Relation-

ship between 

research and 

recommenda-

tions

Direct test of the recommendation 

in the studies or the recommenda-

tion is a major component of the 

intervention tested in the studies.

Intensity of the recommendation 

as a component of the interven-

tions evaluated in the studies may 

vary.

Studies for which the intensity of 

the recommendation as a compo-

nent of the interventions evaluated 

in the studies is low; and/or the 

recommendation reflects expert 

opinion based on reasonable 

extrapolations from research.

(continued)

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62

 )

Appendix A 

(continued)

Table A.1. Institute of Education Sciences levels of evidence for What Works Clearinghouse