34 DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH PAGE 352
You said you were hungry, but you didn't eat anything.
Oh, they live in Bristol, do they? I thought they lived in Bath.
You told me years ago that you wanted to be a film. star.
3 The form of the tense change
a The tense change in indirect speech is a change from present to past.
'I feel ill.' Kay said she felt ill.
'You're crazy.' You said I was crazy.
'We're losing.' We thought we were losing.
'I've got time.' Simon said he had time.
'We haven't finished.' They said they hadn't finished.
'She's been crying.' Who said Ann had been crying?
If the verb phrase is more than one word, then the first word changes,
e.g. are losing were losing, has been crying had been crying.
b If the verb is past, then it changes to the past perfect.
'I bought the shirt.' He told us he had bought the shirt.
'We were having lunch.' They said they had been having lunch.
If the verb is past perfect, it does not change.
'Paul had been there before.' Jack said Paul had been there before.
NOTE
a We do not need to change a past-tense verb when it refers to a complete action.
Nicola told me she passed/she'd passed her driving test.
But when it refers to a state or a habit, there can be a difference in meaning.
William said he felt ill. And he did look awful.
William said he'd felt ill/he'd been feeling ill. But he'd got over it.
b The past perfect in indirect speech can relate to three different forms.
'I've seen the film.' She said she'd seen the film.
'I saw the film last week.' She said she'd seen the film the week before.
'I'd seen the film before, but I She said she'd seen the film before.
enjoyed watching it again.'
c We do not change a past-tense verb when it means something unreal. • 241(3)
'I wish I had a dog.' My sister says she wishes she had a dog.
'It's time we went.' The girls thought it was time they went.
'If I knew, I'd tell you.' Amy said that if she knew, she'd tell us.
c There are changes to some modal verbs.
'You'll get wet.' I told them they would get wet.
'I can drive.' I said I could drive.
'It may snow.' They thought it might snow.
The changes are will would, can could and may might. But these do not
change: would, could, should, might, ought to, had better, used to.
'A walk would be nice.' We thought a walk would be nice.
NOTE
a Sometimes we use different patterns to report sentences with modal verbs. • 270
' Would you like to come for tea?' They invited me for tea.
b Shall for the future changes to would. In rather formal English it can change to should in
the first person.
'I shall complain.' He said he would complain.
I said I would/I should complain.
Shall with other meanings changes to
should.
'What shall I do?' She asked what she should do.
d
Must expressing necessity can change to
had to.
'I must go now.' Sarah said she must go/had to go.
But when must expresses certainty, it does not usually change.
I thought there must be some mistake.
Compare mustn't and needn't.
'You mustn't lose the key.' I told Kevin he mustn't lose/he wasn't to lose the key.
'You needn't wait.' I told Kevin he needn't wait/he didn't have to wait.
NOTE
When
must refers to the future, it can change to
would have to.
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