1 Ch. Barber. Linguistic Change in Present-Day English. London, 1964, p. 63.
-205 -
(B) When the assimilated phoneme retains its main phone
mic fea tures and becomes only partly similar to the assimilating
phoneme, e. g.
tenth
/tenG/,
lets
/lets/. The examples, illustrating
assimilation affecting the place of obstruction, are incomplete as
the principal alveo lar allophones of the phonemes
I t
/, /d/, /n/, /s/,
/z/ are replaced by the subsidiary dental allophones, retaining all
other phonemic features.
(C) The assimilation is intermediate (i.e. between complete
and incomplete) when the assimilated phoneme changes into a
different phoneme, but does not coincide with the assimilating
phoneme, e. g.
gooseberry
/'guzban/,
congress
/'koqgres/.
That’s
all right
/'daets
'о:ГЧ
rait/,
handkerchief
/haeqkatjif/ in which the
change /d - n/ is a complete assimilation, but the subsequent
change /n - g/ under the influence of /к/ is an intermediate assimi
lation.
According to its direction assimilation may be (1)
progres
sive,
(2)
regressive
and (3)
mutual
(or reciprocal, double).
(1) In progressive assimilation the preceding phoneme in
fluences the following one. It can be represented by the formula X
—> Y, where X is the assimilating phoneme, and Y the assimilated
phoneme, e. g.
talked
/to:kt/,
works
/wa:ks/,
bags
/baegz/,
cats
/kaets/.
(2) In regressive assimilation the following phoneme influ
ences the preceding one. Its formula is X <— Y, e. g.
used to
/just
tu/,
goose berry
/'guizban/,
newspaper
/nju:speipa/.
When the adjacent phonemes influence each other assimila
tion is regarded to be mutual. In
try, tree
I t ]
causes partial devoic-
ing, while
I v i
becomes
I t J
post-alveolar. In
twice, twenty
Ш
causes partial devoicing, while /w / makes /t/ lip-rounded.
From the synchronical and diachronical points of view as
similation in English may be subdivided into (1)
historical
and
(2) contextual
(or juxtapositional),
(1) Historical assimilation reflects the changes which have
taken place in the course of historical development of the lan
guage, e. g. nature, furniture, literature, occasion, decision, ques
tion, nation. In Uzbek: ketaman (I shall go), qaytgaysan (You will
return).
(2) Contextual (juxtapositional) assimilation is o f compara
tively recent development and is still going on in present day
English, e. g.
horseshoe
/h o jju :/,
gooseberry
/'guzbsri/,
does
she /'dAjJi-/, used to
/'ju:st tu
J .
The above given types of assimilation are regarded to be es
tablished owing to their common usage as a literary standard of
pronunciation by native speakers. There are cases of assimilation
in careless speech though they cannot be regarded as a literary
norm. They are called
accendental,
e. g.
amidst
/s'mitst/,
bacon
/beikg/
instead of
/beikn/,
happen
/haepm/,
open
/эи р т/. The
«coalescing» type of assimilation is also taking place in present-
day English, e.g.
duke
/d3u:k/, /dju:k/
during, education, tube
/tju:b/, /tju:b/,
Tuesday
/'tjuizdi/, /tju:zdi/
issue
/isju:/, /iju:/. Ac
cording to Ch. Barber they are quite common in educated speech
of present-day English1.
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