2. T w o elem ents (sounds) may be used in one and the same
position and serve to distinguish the words. For exam ple, bill /bil/
- till /til/, sight /sait/ - bight /bait/ - night /nait/ - right /rait/ -
light /lait/ - m ight /mait/ etc.
U sing contrast distribution it is possible to establish the
number o f phonem es in a given language.
3. The elem ents (sounds) used in one and the sam e position
and w hich cannot distinguish the m eanings o f words are consid
ered to be in free variation. In such cases every sound manifests
the free allo-phone o f the phoneme. This type o f distribution is
know n also as an equivalent distribution. For exam ple, some
speakers pronounce /e / sound either half-close /e / or half-open
I d
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