The vowel phonemes of Uzbek.
The vowel phonemes of Russian.
Front
unrounded
i
B ack
rounded
и
F ront
C en tral
B ack
unrounded unrounded
rounded
High
M id
Low
The main differences and partial similarity between articula
tory features of the EngUsh monophthongs, diphthongoids and the
Uzbek vowels may be summed up as follows:
1) The EngUsh, Uzbek and Russian vowel phonemes are
characterized by the oral formation. There are no nasal vowel
phonemes in the languages compared.
2) Comparing the X-ray pictures it is easy to notice the posi
tions of the tongue and lips in the articulation of the English and
Uzbek vowels. It is convenient to compare the articulations of
EngUsh and Uzbek vowels estabUshing certain acoustic types of
vowels which relatively exist in both languages /i/, /е/, /а/, /э/, /u/,
/э/. For example, the acoustic type (i) includes the English /i:/, /
1
/
and the Uzbek /I/,
Ы
combines the EngUsh /ге/, /л/, /a:/ and the
Uzbek
Ы
etc.
This type of comparison makes easy to describe the phone
mic interference between the EngUsh and Uzbek vowels on the
basis of the articulatory, acoustic and auditory properties.
3) According to the horizontal movement of the tongue,
English vowels may be front, front-retracted, mixed, back-
advanced and back, whereas Uzbek vowels are fully front and
back.
4) According to the hight of the tongue and its variations
(narrow, broad) there are vowels of all hights and variations in
English, whereas, three levels of height: high (/i/,
fu
/), mid (/e/,
/
of)
and low (/а/, /о/), are sufficient for the Uzbek vowels. But we
can classify the Uzbek vowels on the basis of the variations of the
height of tongue in order to clarify our comparative-typological
classification. For this purpose we may compare X-ray photos and
notice that the Uzbek /i/ and /u/ belong to the narrow variation of
close vowels, /e/ and /о/ - to the narrow variation of mid-open
vowels, /а/ and /о/ - to the broad variation of open vowels (this is
clearly seen in the comparative table).
5) According to the position of the Ups, all back EngUsh
vowels, except /a :/ and /л/ are rounded. However EngUsh vowels
pronounced with the lips less rounded and protruded, than the
Uzbek back vowels. The pronunciation of the EngUsh unrounded
vowels with the neutral and spread position of the Ups is very im
portant, whereas it is not essential for the Uzbek vowels in which
only /е/ may be articulated with spread Ups.
6)
Besides the above differences, which comprise quality
features of EngUsh and Uzbek vowels, there is a difference based
on the quantity features which make clear аИ other differences
such as tense - lax, checked - free. The Uzbek vowels are typi-
caUy «middle» sounds, being neither long or short.
7)
The Uzbek vowels have relatively stable articulation.
There are no diphthongs and diphthongoids in Uzbek.
There are other differences in the articulation of the EngUsh
and Uzbek vowels. For example, the Uzbek /i/ takes an interme
diate position between the EngUsh
fi:f
and /
1
/. In the articulation
of the Uzbek /i/ the tongue takes a less frontal position than in the
EngUsh
fi'.f
but is more frontal than in the EngUsh
N.
Such differ
ences may be found in the X-ray pictures given below.
The acoustic classification of the vowels can be made on the
basis of the results of spectrographic analysis. Any speech signal
is the result of the vocal organs.
X-ray photos of the Uzbek vowels /е/ and /а/.
The correlation between the acoustic and articulatory and to
some extent, the perceptual levels, makes it possible to establish
the articulatory correlates of the acoustic distinctive features.
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