Encyclopedia of Islam

Further reading: David Cook, Studies in Muslim Apoca-

lyptic (Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press, 2002); Muhammad 

Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, The Remembrance of Death and 

the Afterlife, Kitab dhikr al-mawt wa-ma badahu, Book XL 

of The Revival of the Religious Sciences, Ihya ulum al-Din.

Translated by T. J. Winter (Cambridge: Islamic Texts 

Society, 1995); F. E. Peters, Judaism, Christianity and 

Islam: The Classical Texts and Their Interpretation, vol. 3, 

The Works of the Spirit (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Uni-

versity Press, 1990); Jane I. Smith and Yvonne Y. Had-

dad, The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection

(Albany: State University of New York Press, 1981).