4) Mobile Device Offloading: Privacy is important for busi-
ness applications because people often work on data that needs
to be kept secure. Some data can be sent among only a few
people while other data does not require the same level of secu-
rity. As an example, in [35] the authors utilized an Enterprise-
Centric Offloading System (ECOS) to address these concerns.
ECOS was designed to offload data to idle computers while
ensuring that applications with additional security requirements
are only offloaded on approved machines. Performance was
also taken into consideration for different users and applica-
tions [35]. SDN is utilized to control the network and select
resources. The resources selected must be able to meet the secu-
rity requirements. The controller will determine if such a device
is available for offloading that meets the security requirements
while maintaining energy savings. If no such device exists,
data is not allowed to be offloaded from the mobile device. If
energy savings is not necessary, then any resource with enough
capacity is utilized if available. OpenFlow switches are utilized
so that the controller can regulate the flows. ECOS was able to
offload while taking into account security requirements without
an overly complex scheme.
5) Wireless Virtual Machines: Applications running on
wireless virtual machines in businesses are becoming increas-
ingly common. These virtual machines allow the companies to
be more flexible and have lower operational costs. In order to
extract the full potential from a virtual machine, there are needs
for making them more portable. The main issue is how to main-
tain the virtual machine’s IP address in the process. The current
methods of handling virtual machines were not efficient. The
solutions proposed in [36] include using a mobile IP or dynamic
DNS. The main issue with both solutions is that someone has
to manually reconfigure the network settings after removing
the virtual machine. This limits businesses and data centers
from easily porting their virtual machines to new locations.
An application named CrossRoads was developed by [36] in
order to solve the mobility issue for virtual machines. Cross-
Roads is designed to allow mobility of both live and offline
virtual machines. CrossRoads has three main purposes. The first
purpose is to be able to take care of traffic from data centers as
well as external users. The second purpose is to make use of
OpenFlow with the assumption that each data center utilizes
an OpenFlow controller. The third purpose is to make use of
pseudo addresses for IP and MAC addresses in order to have
the addresses remain constant when porting while allowing the
real IP to change accordingly.
The basic implementation of their software was to create
rules for finding the virtual machines in different networks. The
CrossRoads controller would keep track of the real IP and MAC
addresses for the controllers in each data center as well as the
virtual machines in its own network. When a request is sent for
an application running on a particular virtual machine, a request
is broadcasted to the controllers. If the controller receives a
request for a virtual machine that is not in its table, then it
broadcasts the request to the other controllers; the controller
who has the virtual machine’s real IP address then sends out the
pseudo MAC address to the original controller, and the original
controller can update its table in case it gets another request in
the near future.
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