Microsoft Word OpenIssuesInOO. doc

The level of empirical concreteness. At this level we conceive reality or individual 

phenomena as they are. We do not realize similarities between different phenomena, 

nor do we obtain any systematic understanding of the individual phenomena. We notice 

what happens, but neither understand why it happens nor the relations between the 

phenomena.  In the programming process this corresponds to a level where we are 

trying to understand the single objects that constitute the system.  We have little 

understanding of the relations between the objects, e.g.  how to group them into classes.