Securi
ty
A secure transport system
ensures that individuals can
travel without risk of terrorist
attacks or other criminal
offences.
Cost for the society of loss of goods,
infrastructure and especially human
life.
Secure transport of dangerous goods.
Five
UN
ECE
working
areas
Environmental
Minimise local air pollution and
noise from transport which is a
risk for human health.
The impact of transport on the
environment has economic costs.
Minimize impact of transport on natural
capital by reducing negative impact on
biodiversity, natural habitat, air pollution,
greenhouse gas emission, generation of
waste and noise.
Social and economic development depends on access. Individual access to health and
educational institutions is a means of ensuring social development. Access to employment is
essential for the individual’s economic development and social inclusion, vice versa
economic development requires access to the goods and labour market for firms.
Indicators for measuring sustainable development
Each of the five working areas of UNECE has its own, but nevertheless linked, challenges to
sustainable development. To evaluate the current situation and challenges for the UNECE we
therefore consider a set of indicators which are presented in table 1.2.
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To evaluate the challenges for national accessibility we evaluate the infrastructure density
and quality. International transport links play an important role for the economic
development of regions, evaluating international freight transport and border crossing
efficiency gives an idea how the transport system is performing with respect to international
accessibility.
Mobility is an important factor for social inclusion. Access to the most basic social services
requires mobility; an affordable transport system is thus a prerequisite to avoid social
exclusion. To analyse individual affordability we inspect household expenditures on
transport and the development of transport pricing. The transport system should be
affordable for the individual and also for the society; we therefore evaluate the public
expenditures on transport.
Each fatality or injury leads to substantial social and economic losses for both individual
families and for the society. With respect to road safety we look at the development in road
fatalities, drink‐driving and seat‐belt use.
Transportation affects the environment negatively through the consumption of non‐
renewable energy sources which is evaluated together with the current situation and recent
development of CO
2
emissions, local pollutants and noise from transport. How well the
transport system works is analyzed by looking at modal split of rail, inland waterways and
road transport.
Table 1.2 gives an overview of the working areas of the UNECE Transport Division with
respect to sustainable development and indicators of the performance of the transport
system on this area.
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Table 1.2
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