Notes to chapter 3
Figure 3.1
See notes to table 2.1 on road density.
Figure 3.2
The source for the population is the World Bank. The rail length is taken from the World
Bank and the UNECE Statistical database. The length is measured in kilometres and covers all
rail lines. Data for Romania is from 2009; data for Austria, Azerbaijan, Croatia, France,
Iceland, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is
from 2007. Data for Albania is from 2004. Data for all the remaining countries is from 2008,
except Andorra, Cyprus, Iceland, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro and San Marino for which
data is either unavailable or not relevant.
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Figure 3.3
The rural access indicator is calculated by the World Bank. The values are taken from the
publication:
http://www.worldbank.org/transport/transportresults/headline/rural‐
access/tp‐10‐final.pdf. Data for Tajikistan is from 1999, data for Uzbekistan is from 2000, for
Belarus, Russian Federation, Romania, Latvia and Bulgaria data is from 2001, for Albania and
Azerbaijan in 2002, for Turkey, Armenia, Croatia, Estonia, Georgia, Czech Republic and
Lithuania in 2003.
Figure 3.4
Values are from the World Bank and IRF. For Greece and Netherlands data is from 2000,
Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan data is from 2001; data for Albania is from 2002,
data for Germany, Spain and Italy is from 2003; data for Canada, Czech Republic,
Luxembourg, Portugal and Romania is from 2004; data for Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina
and Bulgaria is from 2005; data for Azerbaijan, and Slovakia is from 2006. Data for Denmark,
Georgia, Monaco, Norway and the Russian Federation is from 2007. For the remaining
countries data is from 2009, except Andorra, Montenegro, San Marino, Tajikistan and
Turkey, for which data is unavailable.
Figure 3.5
The data source for the Human Development Index is UNDP and values are for 2007. Data
sources and definitions for road density are as for table 3.1. Data on road density for Turkey
is from the Turkish Statistics Institute.
Figure 3.6
Data is taken from the UNECE statistical database. Data is unavailable for Belgium, Malta,
Tajikistan, FYR Macedonia and Turkmenistan.
Figure 3.7
Data is taken from Eurostat.
Figure 3.8
Imports and exports measured in current prices and exchange rates (USD) are from the
UNECE statistical database. GDP is also in current prices and USD and is taken from the
World Bank. Note that to express the importance of foreign trade we have shown the size of
imports plus exports relative to GDP, which should not be confused with the trade balance
(exports minus imports). Data is from 2009 for all countries, except for Austria, Cyprus,
Kyrgyzstan, Montenegro, Serbia, Switzerland and The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia for which data is from 2008. Data for Uzbekistan is from 2007. There is no data
for Andorra, Liechtenstein, Malta, Monaco, San Marino and Turkmenistan.
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Figure 3.9
Data is from Eurostat. Freight transport is measured in tonne‐km. Data is from 2009 except
for Italy, Russian Federation and Serbia for which data is from 2008. Data is unavailable for
all countries not included in the graph.
Figure 3.10
The source is Eurostat’s trade statistics and is measured in value.
Figure 3.11
The World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index is used as a source and all values are from
2009.
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