Evolution of UNECE emission limits 1990‐2011
15.0
0
(1970)
15.01
(1974)
15.02
(1977)
15.0
3
(1
978)
15.04
(1981)
83.00
(1989)
83.01
(1992)
83.03
(1996)
83.05
(2000)
83.05
(2005)
83.06
(2011)
CO
NOx
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Em
issions
Level
(%
)
Source: UNECE
Noise reduction
With regard to noise reduction, recently, the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle
Regulations adopted a new noise measurement method, which better reflects the noise
emissions of real traffic conditions. These new provisions will soon be supplemented with
new performance requirements (i.e. limit values for maximum noise level).
The Transport, Health and Environment Pan‐European Programme
The Transport, Health and Environment Pan‐European Programme (THE PEP) addresses key
challenges to achieve sustainable transport patterns and to encourage governments, at
national and local levels, to pursue an integrated approach to policymaking and to put
sustainable mobility at the top of the international agenda. THE PEP comprise, inter alia,
activities related to sustainable urban transport, health impacts of transport, cycling and
walking as feasible non‐motorized transport modes for urban areas, the Clearing House
project, and consideration of institutional arrangements for policy integration. In addition,
concrete projects are developed by THE PEP Steering Committee, composed of UNECE and
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WHO/Europe Member State representatives from the transport, environment and health
sectors, in cooperation with international and non‐governmental organizations.
For Future Inland Transport Systems
The UNECE is in the lead of a global UNDA funded project on the development and
implementation of a monitoring and assessment tool for CO
2
emissions in Inland Transport
to facilitate climate change mitigation. The project involves all United Nations regional
commission and will develop a uniform tool based on a standard and transparent
methodology to evaluate the CO
2
footprint of land transport and a transport policy
converter that will help decision makers to optimize their interventions. The project will
pave the way for the Future Inland Transport systems (ForFITS).
Transport of perishable foodstuffs (refrigerated transport)
In 1970, the UNECE Working Party on the Transport of Perishable
Foodstuffs (WP.11) adopted the Agreement on the International
Transport of Perishable Foodstuffs and on the Special Equipment to
be used for such Transport (ATP). The ATP provides common
standards for temperature controlled transport equipment such as
road vehicles, railway wagons and (for sea journeys under 150km)
sea containers and the tests to be done on such equipment to
ensure that it meets the standards
73
.
The transport of chilled and deep‐frozen foodstuffs has an impact on global warming on a
number of levels. Firstly, it depends on containers or refrigerated vehicles which are
insulated using foams. The refrigerated and chilled transport industry is actively involved in
finding new insulating foams and blowing agents that are both safe for the ozone layer and
highly effective. Secondly, energy efficiency is a major concern both because of the costs of
fuel and the harmful emissions released. In order to save energy, it is essential to measure
fuel consumption. In this regard, the WP.11 has recently added to the ATP Handbook details
of a procedure for determining the fuel consumption of vehicle‐powered refrigeration
units
74
. Thirdly, the insulating capacity of isothermal transport equipment (K value) has a
direct influence on the final CO
2
emissions of a thermal engine since a reduction in this
capacity has to be compensated by a direct increase in the working time of the thermal
engine. The influence of aging on the thermal capacity is a subject of frequent discussion by
WP.11. The ATP defines the method to be used for measuring this thermal capacity. A
solution to this problem would be the acceptance of a rule limiting the number of simplified
renewal tests (pull‐down tests) allowed. This is not currently specified in the ATP which leads
to frequent renewals without checking of the K value.
Energy labelling schemes or minimum efficiency standards already exists for many
appliances used in the cold chain, for example domestic refrigerators or supermarket display
73
(http://unece.org/trans/main/wp11/atp.html).
74
http://unece.org/trans/main/wp11/atp_handbook.html
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cabinets. These schemes have been shown to have the effect of pushing the market
towards more energy efficient products. Various proposals have been made to extend such
schemes to the refrigerated transport industry.
The WP.11 keeps abreast of all developments in this field and discusses how environmental
aspects can be incorporated into the ATP so that it continues to meet the challenge of
sustainable development.
The Blue Corridor Project
The Blue Corridor Project was proposed in the year 2000 with the objective of establishing
transport corridors for vehicles using compressed natural gas (CNG) as fuel instead of diesel
for the transport of goods, both because of its economic and environmental advantages.
The advantages of natural gas include the following: it is one of the cleanest burning
alternative transportation fuels available; it is safe, lighter than air and does not pool on the
ground like gasoline. Natural gas is also economic, on average 40% cheaper than gasoline
and it is more sustainable from the point of view of security of supply. Moreover, natural gas
is a natural bridge to hydrogen fuel cell transportation systems of the future.
The Project was included in the programmes of work of ECE’s Working Party on Gas and
Inland Transport Committee. These two intergovernmental bodies decided to set up a Task
Force in 2002 with experts from both the gas and transport sectors to assess the technical
and economic viability of the Project.
Feasibility studies were carried out for three pilot Blue Corridors that were selected by the
task force: Moscow – Minsk – Warsaw – Berlin (along the E 30); Berlin – (Czech Republic –
Austria) – Rome (along the E 55 and E 45); and Helsinki – St. Petersburg – Moscow (based on
the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) along the E 18 and E 105) . The final report of the Task
Force was issued in 2003
75
. Aggregate data for the three pilot corridors based on projections
showed significant fuel savings and reductions in harmful exhaust emissions.
In May 2005, representatives of the European Commission expressed the following opinions
regarding the Project: Firstly, CNG was only cheaper than diesel because of tax breaks, and
government policy towards CNG might change in the future. Secondly, conversion of
vehicles would be more costly than envisaged. Thirdly, CNG was less suitable for long
distances because trucks had to be refuelled every 280‐300 km. However, the EC said it
would be prepared to participate in a conference on the Blue Corridor to investigate sources
of funding to implement the Project. At their meeting in June 2006 in St. Petersburg, the G‐8
agreed that, with the aim of making transportation more energy efficient and
environmentally friendly, the Blue Corridor Project should be studied further.
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www.unece.org/pub/blue1.pdf
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