P rominent t ajik f igures of the

Prominent Tajik Figures of the Twentieth Century

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

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fact, Donish's role in the government at this time would be totally ob-

scure were it not for his Manozir al-Kavokib (The Placement of the

Planets, 1865). Might he have been Amir Muzaffar's court astronomer?

In 1868, against all advice, Amir Muzaffar challenged Russia's

might for a second time and was defeated. Following the signing of a

forced Treaty of Friendship, the Amir sent a delegation to Russia.

Donish was appointed as the delegation's consultant. He spent the pe-

riod between June 1869 and March 1870 in St. Petersburg reestablish-

ing ties that had been severed by war. As a result of his involvement in

the negotiations, Donish's influence and prestige as Bukhara's most ex-

perienced and informed politician increased dramatically. As for

Donish, he not only acquainted himself with the economical, political,

and governmental situation of Russia, but also with Russia's history, es-

pecially its ties to Europe.

Upon his return, in recognition of his contributions to the success of

the delegation, the Amir conferred upon Donish the title of "Uroq" and

offered him a lucrative position in government. Donish refused the of-

fer. Instead, he devoted his time entirely to "Risola dar Nazmi Tamad-

dun va Ta'avun" ("Essay on the Organization of Civilization and Coop-

eration,"1870-1873) in which he examined the governmental structure

of the Emirate. The essay, which included a complete program for the

overhaul of the Bukhara bureaucracy, placed primary emphasis for gov-

ernment on the pillars of justice and education.

In considering a role for government, Donish looked to both the tra-

ditional Islamic and the new European models. For instance, he advo-

cated a European-style Majlis (parliament) that would meet in the pres-

ence of the Amir. The parliament, consisting of people from all walks of

life, would debate issues and vote on matters pertaining to public wel-

fare. All governmental concerns, after having been debated and voted

on, would be approved by the Amir. To curtail the Amir's authority

even more, Donish included the office of the wazir (prime minister).

This two-prong assault on the Amir's powers, Donish thought, would

not only introduce order into the government but would allow for a

system of checks and balances.

The Amir rejected Donish's suggestions. He did not allow even for a

reform of the traditional educational system or the institution of Euro-

pean-style courses. In addition, upon Donish's return from his third trip

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