Sifatlar qo’llanma
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FAST – TEZ;
HARD – QATTIQ, OG’IR; LATE – KECH; EARLY – ERTA. Misollarga e’tibor qiling:
fast – U juda tez haydaydi (“fast” – ravish).
They came very late – Ular juda kech kelishdi (“late” – ravish).
I am working hard – Men qattiq ishlayapman.
You must come early – Siz erta (vaqtidan oldin) kelishingiz kerak. Fast English with Boysoat (@InglizEnglish)
Sifatlar qo’llanma |
Nomozov Boysoat Page 5 21 авга. Bundan tashqari “GOOD” (yaxshi) sifatining ravish shakli “WELL” bo’ladi. Misolga e’tibor bering: Tom plays tennis very well
– Tom tennisni juda yaxshi
o’ynaydi. “WELL” so’zi har doim ravish vazifasida ishlatiladi, bu so’z faqatgina sog’lik ma’nosida sifat tarzida ishlatilishi mumkin. Masalan: My brother is not very well at the moment – Ayni vaqtda mening akam juda yaxshi emas
( sog’lom
emas). (Ravish bo’yicha ma’lumot azamat.uz saytidan olindi) Xato ishlatiladigan ravishlar va sifatlar 1. Very va Too a) Very
: It is too hot in Rome in the summer Right : It is very hot in Rome in the summer b) Too
: It’s now very hot to play football. Right :it’s now too hot to play football. Very so’zi oddiy tarizda sifat va ravishni kuchaytiradi. O’zbek tiliga juda degan ma’no beradi. Too so’zi ham very bilan bir xil tarjima qilnadi ammo too yetarlidan ortiq, judayam, degan salbiy ma’no beradi. Too so’zi har doim nimaningdir salbiy tarzda ortiqcha ekanligini bildiradi va har doim gapga salbiy ma’no beradi. A: It is very hot. B: It is too hot. A oddiy darak gap hisoblanadi. Bunda shunchaki issiq ekanligi aytilgan.
Ammo B gapda esa qiyinchilik, noqulaylik, yomon sharoit ma’nosi bor. Balki bu gapdagi holatda kimdir o’zini yomon his qilayotgandir, yoki kimgadir bu issiqlik yoqmayotgandir. 2. Very va Much Wrong : He’s very stronger than I am Right : He’s much stronger than I am Qiyosiy darajadagi sifatni oldidan much so’zi ma’no kuchaytirish uchun ishlatiladi, very emas. Much o’rnidan ma’no kuchaytirish uchun even,, a lot, far, a bit, a little, slightly kelishi mumkin. 3. Hard o’rnida Hardly ishlatilinishi Wrong : He works hardly Right : He works hard Hard- qattiq degan ma’no beradi. Hardly esa zo’rga deb tarjima qilinadi va inkor ma’no beradi. Hardly inkor gaplarda va inkor ma’noli so’zlar bilan ishlatilmaydi. Fast English with Boysoat (@InglizEnglish)
Sifatlar qo’llanma |
Nomozov Boysoat Page 6 21 авга. 4. Late o’rnida Lately ishlatilinishi. Wrong : Last night I went to bed lately Right : Last night I went to bed late Late ravishi – early ravishini teskarisi. O’zbek tilida kech degan ma’no beradi. Lately ravishi yaqin vaqtlarda yoki so’ngi paytlardi degan ma’no beradi. I haven’t been there lately – Men yaqin vaqtlarda uyerda bo’lmaganman 5. Few va a few a) Few Wrong : Although the question was easy, a few boys were able to answer it Right : Although the question was easy, few boys were able to answer it b) A few Wrong : Although the question was difficult, few boys were able to answer it Right : Although the question was difficult, a few boys were able to answer it Few - “ozgina”, “juda kam” yetarli emas degan ma’no bersa, a few esa “bir qancha”, “ko’p emas”, lekin yetarli ma’nolarini beradi.. Few bilan a few farqi few- juda oz yetarli darajada emas, a few oz lekin yetarli darajada degani. Misolga Eslatma.
juda oz kishi javob beraoldi. (test oson bo’sa ham juda kam kishi yetarli darajada emas kishi javob beraoldi.)
qaramasdan, bir necha kishi javob bera oldi. (test qiyin edi lekin bir necha kishi, yetarli darajada odam javob bera oldi.) 6. Little va A little a) Little Wrong : He took a little exercise and wasn’t very fit. Right : He took little exercise and wasn’t very fit b) A little Wrong : She took little exercise and felt much better Right : She took a little exercise and felt much better Little - “ozgina”, “juda kam” yetarli emas degan ma’no bersa, a little esa “ozgina” lekin yetarli ma’nolarini beradi.. Little bilan a little farqi little- juda oz yetarli darajada emas, a little oz lekin yetarli darajada degani. Misollarga Eslatma
He took little exercise and wasn’t very fit – U kam mashq qilida va sog’lom emasdi( u kam mashq qildi, yetarli darajada qimadi shu sababli u sog’ligi yaxwi emasdi)
She took a little exercise and felt much better(U kam mashq qildi, lekin yetarli darajada shu uchun sog’ligi yaxshi edi.) 7. Few va Little a) Little Wrong : Sorry, I have few money. I really can't afford to go out. Right : Sorry, I have little money. I really can't afford to go out. b) Few Wrong : There have been little problems with the new system, thankfully! Fast English with Boysoat (@InglizEnglish)
Sifatlar qo’llanma |
Nomozov Boysoat Page 7 21 авга. Right : There have been few problems with the new system, thankfully! Little va few so’zlari orasidagi farq faqat ularning sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatilinishi. Little va a little so’zlari donalab sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan, few va a few so’zlari donalab sanaladigan otlar oldidan ishlatilinadi. Muximi ot donalab sanaladimi yoki yo’q shunga qarab little yo few ishlating. 8. Each va Every a) Each Wrong : She gave an apple to every of the children Right : She gave an apple to each of the children b) Every Wrong : Each child had an apple Right : Every child had an apple Each ikkita yoki undan ko’p narsaning bittasi uchun ishlatiladi va har biri degan ma’no beradi. Asosan gruppadigi narsalarni birma-bir anglatadi yani one by one. Hech qachon everyni ikkita narsa uchun ishlatmang. Every ikkitadan ko’p narsa uchun har biri degan ma’no beradi. Every asosan butun gruppani qamrab oladi, each esa butun gruppani birma-bir qamrab oladi. Yana bir farqi each of + pronoun(each of us) or each of + determiner + noun(each of the children) holida keladi lekin every one + pronoun( Every one of us ) or every one + determiner + noun(Every one of the children). Each o’zidan kegin to’g’ridan to’gri of oladi, every esa one so’zi orqali masalan: each of us/ every one of us 9. Older(oldest) va Elder(eldest) a) Older, Oldest Wrong : This girl is elder than that one Wrong : This girl is the eldest of all Right : This girl is older than that one Right : This girl is the oldest of all b) Elder, Eldest Wrong : My older broher is called Jon Wrong : My oldest broher is not here Right : My elder brother is called Jon Right : My eldest broher is not her Older va oldest odamlar va narsalarga qo’lanadi, vaholanki elder va eldest faqat odamlar uchun qo’llaniladi va oila a’zolariga nisbatan ishlatiladi. Ikkisi ham bir xil ma’no beradi older - yoshi kattaroq, eskiroq, elder – katta ya’ni oilada yoshi kattasi. Elder hech qachon than bilan ishlatilmaydi. Jane is older than his sister (
darajada ishlatilmaydi ). Tepadagi misollarga Eslatma elder qiyosiy va orttirma darajada ishlatilinishi xato sifatida ko’rsatilingan.
Fast English with Boysoat (@InglizEnglish)
Sifatlar qo’llanma |
Nomozov Boysoat Page 8 21 авга. Interesting qiziqish uyg’otadigan narsalarga nisbatan ishlatiladi va qiziqarli degan ma’no beradi. Interested – biror narsaga bildirishga nisbatan ishlatiladi va interested – qiziqmoq degan ma’no beradi. Interested biror odamni biror narsaga qiziqishni bildiradi. Are you interested in your work? – Ishingiz sizni qiziqtiradimi? Ishingizga qiziqasmi ? Qiziqarli bilan qiziqish boshqa boshqa narsa. Interesting – qiziqarli, Interested –qiziqish. Oxiri ed va ing bilan tugagan sifatlar ham shu qoidaga bo’ysunadi. Oxiri ed bilan tugagan sifatlar bizga odamlarning qanday his qilganlarni bildiradi. qo’rqanni, zerikkanni. Oxiri ing bilan tugagan sifatlar bizga odamlar, narsalar va vaziyatlarni xusisiyatni qanaqa ekani bildiradi: zerkarli, qo’rqinchli 11. Farther va Further. Wrong : Turn the page for farther instructions Right : Turn the page for further instructions Further masofaga nisbatan uzuqroq degan ma’no beradi . Further shuningdek “qo’shimcha” “keying” degan ma’noda ham ishlatiladi. Biz farther ni faqat masofaga nisbatan ishlatamiz. Farther – uzoqroq degan ma’no beradi va masofaga nisbatan further bilan birxil ishlatiladi. Biz fartherni qo’shimcha keyingi degan ma’noda ishlatmaymiz bu ma’noda faqat further ishlatiladi. 12. Some va Any a) Some Wrong : Louis has got any milk Right : Louis has got some milk b) Any Wrong : There aren’t some books on the shelf Right : There aren’t any books on the shelf Ingliz tilida Some va Any “bir oz”, “bir qancha”, “ozgina”,”bironta” deb tarjima qilinadi va otlar oldidan ishlatiladi.
have any money? – Sizda ozgina pul bormi? I don`t have any money – Menda umuman pul yo`q. Biz bazan some so’roq gaplarda ham ishlatamiz: Bunda some taklif va iltimosni ifodalaydi. Would you like some coffee? – bir oz cofe xoxlaysizmi? 13. Fewer o’rnida Less ishlatilinishi Wrong : They have less books than I have Right : They have fewer books than I have Less va fewer “ozroq” deb tajrima qilinadi va miqdorni bildiradi. Less – little so’zini, fewer- few so’zlarining qiyosiy darajasi hisoblanadi. Shundan kelib chiqadiki less sanalmaydigan otlar bilan, fewer esa ko’plikdagi (sanaladigan) otlar bilan ishlatilinadi. Ogohlantirish: Bazan og’zaki nutqda less ni ko’plikdagi otni oldidan ishlatilinishini eshitish mumkin, ammo bu to’g’ri deb hisoblanmaydi. Masalan : We’ve got less pizzas than we need. There’s ten people and only eight pizzas. (
)
Fast English with Boysoat (@InglizEnglish)
Sifatlar qo’llanma |
Nomozov Boysoat Page 9 21 авга. This olmoshlari gapiruvchining yaqinidagi, that esa undan uzoqroqdagi buyumlarni ko‘rsatish uchun ishlatiladi: This – bu, that – u deb tarjima qilinadi. This va That olmoshlari vaqtga nisbatan ishlatilganda this hozirgi zamon uchun, that o‘tgan va kelasi zamon uchun ishlatiladi:
janubda o‘tkazdim. O‘sha yozda yomg‘ir ko‘p bo‘ldi 15. Later o’rnida Latter ishlatilinishi. Wrong : She got to school latter than I did Right : She got to school later then I did Later – vaqtga nisbatan ishlatilinadi va keyinroq degan ma’no beradi. Latter- tartibga nisbatan ishlatilinadi va ikkita tilga olingan narsaning ikkinchisi degan ma’no beradi. Later – keyinroq, latter- ikkinchisi deb tarjima qilinadi. Alexandria va Cairo are large cities. The latter has a population of over a million. Iskandariya va Qohira yirik shaharlar.Ikkinchisi milliondan ortiq aholiga ega. Latterni qarama-qarshi ma’noli so’zi antonimi former hisoblanadi. Former – birinchisi, oldingi, avvalgi degan ma’no beradi. 16. Latter o’nida Last ishlatilinishi. Wrong : Sir Walter Scott and Chales Dickens are both excellent writers, but I prefer the last Right : Sir Walter Scott and Chales Dickens are both excellent writers, but I prefer the latter Latter – tilga olingan ikkita odam yoki narsaning ikkinchisi, last esa ikkidan ortiq narsaning oxirgisi. 17. Latest o’rniga Last ishlatilinishi Wrong : What’s the last news from the Palace? Right : What’s the latest news from the Palace Latest – hozirgacha eng oxirgi degan ma’no beradi va so’nggi deb tajrima qilinadi. Latest news – so’nggi yangliklar. Ba’zan eng yangi deb ham tarjima qilinadi. Last oxirgi, yakuniy degan ma’no beradi.
.
Shade yoki Shadow a) Shade Wrong : I like to sit in the shadow Right : I like to sit in the shade b) Shadow Wrong : The dog saw his shade in the water. Right : The dog saw his shadow in the water Shade – bu quyoshdan pana joy, quyoshdan boshpana joy. Shadow – odam, daraxt, it va boshqa narsalarning soyasi, aniqroq qilib aytsak ko’lankasi. Ikkisini ham tarjimasi soya lekin shade – quyoshdan pana joy, shadow – biror narsaning ko’lankasi.
Fast English with Boysoat (@InglizEnglish)
Sifatlar qo’llanma |
Nomozov Boysoat Page 10 21 авга. Sifatlar ko’plik shaklini olmaydi shu sababli poors holida ishlatish xato. Sifatlar oldidan the artikli kelib sifatni otlashtiradi va o’sha sifat ot kabi ishlatilib ko’plik ma’nosini beradi. The rich – boylar, the
As well as bilan ko’plikdagi fe’lni xato ishlatilinishi
: Tom as well as Mark are coming Right :Tom as well as Mark is coming Agar ikkita birlikdagi ot as well as bilan bog’lasa gapning kesimi ham birlikda bo’ladi ya’ni birlikdagi fe’l ishlatiladi. Tepadagi misolga Eslatma as well as ikkita birlikdagi otni bog’layabdi shu uchun birlikdagi fe’l is ishlatilyabdi
: Nothing’s left; all are lost Right : Nothing’s left; all is lost Agarda all hamma narsa ya’ni everything ma’nosida ishlatilsa, birlikdagi fe’l oladi. Agarda all hamma odam ya’ni everybody ma’nosida ishlatilinsa ko’plikdagi fe’l oladi. Xulosa agar all everything ma’nosini bersa birlik, everybody ma’nosida ko’plikdagi fe’l oladi.
The number va A number
Wrong : The number of the pupils are increasing Right : The number of the pupils is increasing b) A number Wrong : A number of the pupils is absent today Right : A number of the pupils are absent today The number of – ning soni deb tarjima qilinadi va bitta narsani bildiradi va birlik hisoblanadi. The number o’zidan keyin birlikdagi fe’l oladi. The number of the pupils is increasing – O’quvchilarning soni ortib bormoqda A number – Bir qator, bir nechta yoki ko’p degan ma’no beradi va bittadan ko’p narsani anglatadi shu sababli ko’plikdagi fe’l oladi . A number of the pupils are absent today – Bugun bir qator(ko’p) o’quvchilar yo’q 23. These bilan this xato ishlatilinishi
Wrong : This errors sometimes made by foreigners Right : These errors sometimes made by foreigners Agar ot ko’plikda bo’lsa this o’rniga these ishlatamiz. This – bu, these – bular deb tarjima qilnadi.
Agar ot ko’plikda bo’lsa there are, birlikda bo’lsa there is ishlatilinadi
Fast English with Boysoat (@InglizEnglish)
Sifatlar qo’llanma |
Nomozov Boysoat Page 11 21 авга.
: A large supply of toys are expected Right : A large supply of toys is expected Agar gapning egasi birlik bo’lsa fel ham birlik, ko’plik bo’lsa ko’plik ishlatilinadi. Sizdi uzun egalar chalg’itishi mumkin ya’ni bu misollardagi egaga qarang u yerda supply gapning egasi xisoblanadi toys emas. Ko’plar toys qarab ko’plik oladi ammo tarjima qilib ko’rsangiz o’zi bilinadi. A large
kishini qaysidir rolda, yoki nimadir sifatida ekanligini bilidiradi. He worked for a long time as a teacher in Africa – U Afrikada o’qituvchi sifatida ishladi. Like – “o’xshash”, “kabi” degan ma’no beradi . That house looks like a castle. - Bu uy qasrga o'xshaydi. Oson ajratib olishlaringiz uchun as- rolida,sifatdi degan ma’no berida, like – nimagadir o’xshashlik uchun ishlatilinadi. As a teacher – o’qituvchi sifatida, like a teacher – o’qtuvchiga o’xshab(buyerda o’xshatilyotgan odam aslida o’qtuvchi emas shunchaki o’qtivchiga o’xshatilyabdi. Misolga Eslatma:
yordam beraman(buyerda tinglovchi o’z otasini tinglayabdi sababi otang sifatida deyabdi)
Like your father, I’ll help you as much as I can – Otanga o’xshab men senga qo’limdan kelgancha yordam beraman(buyerda tinglovchi otasni tinglamaydi sababi otanga o’xshab deyabdi demak garpivchi ozini tinglovchini otasiga o’xshatyabdi.
He worked for a long time as a teacher in Africa – U Afrikada o’qituvchi sifatida ishladi(buyerda u o’qtuvchi sifatida ishladi ya’ni o’tiquvchi bo’lib ishladi.
Don’t speak like a teacher – O’qituvchiga o’xshab garipimang(buyerda u o’qituvchimas lekin o’qituvchiga o’xshab gapiryabdi. ) 27. So va Such a) So Wrong : It’s such small that you can’t see it Right : it’s so small that you can’t see it. b) Such Wrong : I have never seen a so large animal before Right : I have never seen such a large animal before So – ravish hisoblanadi shu sababli sifat va boshqa ravishlarni oldidan keladi. So otlarni oldidan ishlatilinmaydi va “juda”, “shunchalik” deb tarjima qiladi. So beautiful – juda chiroyli. Such – sifat hisoblanadi shu sababli otni aniqlab otlarni oldidan ishlatilinadi va “juda”, “shunchalik” deb tarjima qilinadi. such a large animal – juda katta hayvon So va such ko’p qilinadigan xato- So ni otlar bilan ishlatilinish. A so large animal bu xato buyerda animal bo’lganligi uchun such ishlatilinadi.
Fast English with Boysoat (@InglizEnglish)
Sifatlar qo’llanma |
Nomozov Boysoat Page 12 21 авга. Friendly so’zi oxiri ly bilan tugaganinga qaramay sifat hisoblanadi. Friendly sifatini oxiri ly bilan tugagani sababli ravish yasash ly qo’sholmaymiz va ravish shaklini in a friendly way yoki in a friendly manner holida yasaladi. Shunday qilib oxiri ly bilan tugagan sifatlarni ravish deb adashtirib qo’ymang va ularni ravish ko’rnishini in a oxiri ly bilan tugagan sifat + way yoki manner holida yasang. Masalan: in a cowardly way/manner, in a lonely way/manner Oxiri “-ly” qo’shimchasi bilan tugasa ham ravish EMAS, sifat hisoblanadigan so’zlar Beastly, Brotherly, Comely, Costly, Cowardly, Daily (ba’zan ravish bo’lib kelishi ham mumkin) Deadly, Elderly, Fatherly, Fortnightly (ba’zan ravish bo’lib kelishi ham mumkin) Friendly, Gentlemanly, Gentlewomanly, Ghastly Ghostly, Godly, Goodly, Holy, Homely, Humanly, Kingly, Leisurely, Likely, Lively, Lonely, Lovely, Lowly, Maidenly, Manly, Masterly, Matronly, Miserly, Monthly (ba’zan ravish bo’lib kelishi ham mumkin) , Motherly, Nightly, Painterly, Priestly, Princely, Saintly, Scholarly, Shapely, Silly, Sisterly, Timely, Ugly, Ungainly, Unruly, Unsightly, Unseemly, Unworldly, Weekly (ba’zan ravish bo’lib kelishi ham mumkin), Womanly, Worldly, Yearly (ba’zan ravish bo’lib kelishi ham mumkin) 29. Plenty of o’rnida Plenty ishlatilinishi Wrong : Mike had plenty work to work Right :Mike had plenty of work to do Plently sifat emas shu sababli o’zidan keyingi otga to’g’ridan to’g’ri bog’lanmaydi. Plenty of + noun holida ishlatilinadi. Plenty+noun holida ishlatish xato ko’plar plenty time holida ishlatishadi va bu xato plenty of time to’gri.
tutiladi. Other birlik va ko’plikdagi ot oldidan ishlatilinadi. other music- boshqa musiqa, other books – boshqa kitoblar. Others – boshqalar deb tarjima qilinadi va o’zidan keyin ot kelmaydi. Others boys bu xato hisoblanadi 31. Worth so’zini fe’l sifatida noto’g’ri ishlatilinishi Wrong : My bicycle worths 150$ Right : My bicycle is worth 150$ Worth – so’zi fe’l emas, sifat hisoblanadi shu sababli to be bilan ishlatilinadi. 32. Afraid so’zini fe’l sifatida noto’g’ri ishlatilinish Wrong : Akmal doesn’t afraid of anybody Right : Akmal isn’t afraid of anybody Afraid – so’zi fe’l emas,sifat hisoblanadi shu sababli to be bilan ishlatilinadi 33. Weight so’zini fe’l sifatida noto’g’ri ishlatilinish Wrong : Have you weighted the letter Right : Have you weighed the letter Fast English with Boysoat (@InglizEnglish)
Sifatlar qo’llanma |
Nomozov Boysoat Page 13 21 авга. Weight – so’zi ot hisoblanadi shu sababli siz uni fe’l sifatida ishlatolmaysiz va ogirlik deb tarjima qilinadi. Weigh- esa fe’l(t harfisiz weight) hisoblanadi va ogirlikni o’lchamoq deb tarjima qilinadi 34. Well o’rnida good ni noto’g’ri ishlatilinishi Wrong : The goalkeeper plays very good Right : The goalkeeper plays very well Good – so’zi sifat hisoblanadi shuning uchun biz uni ravishdek ishlatolmaymiz. Sifat otni aniqlashtirib otni oldidan ishlatiladi, ravish esa fe’lni aniqlab fe’ldan keyin ishlatiladi. 35. Ravish o’rnida sifatni noto’g’ri ishlatilinishi. Wrong : The little girl sang beautiful Right : The little girl sang beautifully Biz ish-harakatni qanday , qaytarizda bajarilgani aytishda ravish ishlatamiz, sifat emas. Ravish fe’l bilan ishlatiladi, sifat ot bilan. Masalan to sing beautifully – chiroyli kuylamoq,a beautiful girl – chiroyli qiz. Buyerda sing fe’l shu uchun beautifully ravishi, girl esa ot shu uchun beautiful sifati ishlatildi
Right : A greater number of people are visiting the stadium Qoida : Amount sanalmaydigan otlar uchun ishlatiladi. Number sanaladigan otlar uchun ishlatiladi.
Each of, none of, etc. dan keyin birlik yoki ko’plik? Wrong :
Right :
Qoida : Biz each of, none of, one of dan keyin ko’plikdagi ot olamiz ammo birlikdagi fe’l ishlatamiz. Yana ko’p chalkashlikka sabab bo’ladigan birlikdagi so’zlar: every, either, neither, none, much and person. Bu so’zlardan kegin birlikdagi fe’l ishlatiladi. Document Outline
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Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
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steierm rkischen
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rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
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multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
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Hayya 'alal
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yuklab olish