Introducing English Linguistics

grammatical mean-
ing
from 
pragmatic meaning
, i.e. meaning as a part of our
linguistic competence vs. meaning derived from our interac-
tions in specific social contexts. Because the discussion in
this chapter will be centered on pragmatic meaning, it is
also necessary to distinguish a 
sentence
from an 
utterance
,
the primary unit upon which the study of pragmatic mean-
ing is based. The next sections describe how utterances are
used and structured in human communication, starting with
speech act theory
, a theory that formalizes the notion that
what people actually intend their utterances to mean is
often not clearly spelled out in the words that they speak or
write. 
Conversational
implicature
Cooperative
principle, the
Grammatical and
pragmatic
meaning
Honorifics
Politeness
Power
relationships
Sentences and
utterances
Social distance
Speaker
intentions
Speaker variables
Speech acts
Tact