O`zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o`rta maxsus ta`lim vazirligi namangan muhandislik-qurilish instituti

TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES:

UNILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL POLICY OPTIONS*

Bernard M. Hoekman

1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20433, World Bank

Phone : [phone], fax: [phone], [e-mail];

Keith E. Maskus

UCB 256, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309-0256; phone [phone]; fax

303-492-8960; [e-mail]

Kamal Saggi

Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0496. Phone [phone], fax

[phone]; [e-mail]

Abstract: This paper analyzes national and international policy options to encourage the international transfer of technology, distinguishing between four major channels of such transfer: trade in products, trade in knowledge, direct foreign investment and intra-national and international movement of people. A typology of country ëtypesí and appropriate policy rules of thumb is developed as a guide to both national policymakers and rule making in the WTO. We argue that policies should differentiate between countries. The policy recommendations made illustrate the more general need for such differentiation in the application of specialand differential treatment of developing countries in the WTO.

JEL classification: F13

Keywords:Technology transfer, multilateral trade negotiations, economic development,

special and differential treatment, WTO