O`zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy va O`rta Maxsus Ta`lim Vazirligi Buxoro Davlat universiteti Ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy fakul’teti Iqtisodiy ta`lim va turizm kafedrasi

uchinchidan: Oilaviy mexmonxonalar ochilishini qo’llab-quvvatlash, oilaviy mexmonxonalar ochilishidagi to’siqlarni kamaytirish.

to’rtinchidan: Turizm sohasidagi Oilaviy biznesni rivojlantirish uchun imtiyozli kreditlarni uzoq muddatli qilib berish (10 yil va undan ortiq). Masalan, chet elda oilaviy biznesni rivojlantirish uchun bunday kreditlar 50 yilgacha beriladi. Chunki turizm sohasi mavsumiy bo’lganligi sababli 10 yildan kam muddatda ularni qaytarish mushkulroq.


ANNOTATION

But what is travel and tourism? Do they fit this industry mould? To answer these questions we need to define a tourist and tourism. Tourism - the business of providing and arranging holidays and services for people who are visiting a place. . Clearly, there is confusion and controversy surrounding the definitions of travel and tourism. Are they the same or are tourists only seeking pleasure whereas travellers may also be on business? How far must one travel from home to be a tourist/traveller? Does paying for a room make one a tourist? . . . And so forth. From the viewpoint of economic development and/or economic impact, a visitor, nominally called a tourist, is someone who comes to an area, spends money, and leaves. We employ an economic framework to be comparable with the concept of ‘industry,’ which is an economic term. The reasons for the visit, length of stay, length of trip, or distances from home are immaterial.

Thus, we define a tourist as a person travelling outside of his or her normal routine, either normal living or normal working routine, who spends money. This definition of visitor/tourist includes:
• People who stay in hotels, motels, resorts, or campgrounds;
• People who visit friends or relatives;
• People who visit while just passing through going somewhere else;
• People who are on a day trip (do not stay overnight); and
• An ‘all other’ category of people on boats, who sleep in a vehicle of some sort, or who otherwise do not fit the above.

Uzbekistan is a country with great potential for an expanded tourism industry. Many of its Central Asian cities were main points of trade on the Silk Road, linking Eastern and Western civilizations. Today the museums of Uzbekistan store over two million artifacts, evidence of the unique historical, cultural and spiritual life of the Central Asian peoples that have lived in the region. Uzbekistan attracts tourists with its historical, archeological, architectural and natural treasures.

According to the Statistical Internet Survey, carried out in May 7-August 27, 2008 by Pagetour jointly with Walter Kafer Fremdenverkehrdienstleistungen, the largest proportion of those surveyed (39%) visit the country because of their interest in the architectural and historical sites of Uzbekistan. The next-largest group (24%) visit Uzbekistan to observe its culture, way of life and customs.^[1]

Tourist activities in Uzbekistan range from outdoor activities, such as rock-climbing, to exploration of its rich archeological and religious history.

In 2005, 240,000 tourists from 117 countries visited Uzbekistan. The industry earned US$30 million (90.9% of forecast). Overall, the tourism sector served 621,700 people and rendered services for 40.6 billion soums (73.1% of forecast). The industry earned 598.4 million soums. Each autumn, the Uzbek travel industry holds an International Tourism Fair. Unfortunately the country still has a legacy of complicated, Soviet-style visa requirements, which puts it at a disadvantage in a competitive market for international tourists. The main airport at Tashkent is often cited as one of the worst in the world from the point of view of passengers, who experience hectic conditions, long delays, and bureaucratic frustrations.

Uzbekistan is located on the Great Silk Road and many neighboring countries (including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic,Tajikistan and Turkmenistan) promote their countries based on their location along the Great Silk Road.

The World Tourism Organization's Silk Road Office was opened in 2004 in Samarkand. This office was commissioned to coordinate the efforts of international organisations and national tourism offices of countries located on the Silk Road. Uzbekistan is also member of The Region Initiative (TRI). TRI is a Tri-regional Umbrella of Tourism related organisations. TRI is functioning as a link between three regions----South Asia, Central Asia and Eastern Europe which is also by Armenia, Bangladesh, India, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Tajikistan, Russia, Sri Lanka, Turkey and Ukraine.

Uzbekistan has well preserved relics from the time when Central Asia was the centre of Tamerlane’s empire. Cities of today’s Uzbekistan, including Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Tashkent and Shakhrisabz live in the imagination of the West as symbols of oriental beauty and mystery.

Many cities which are located on the territory of modern Uzbekistan, in ancient times were located on the Silk Road, on which caravans with goods traveled between the East and the West. The road got its name from silk - the Chinese good that was in great demand in Europe. The advantageous geographical location of the cities made them attractive for conquerors. The territory of modern Uzbekistan was conquered many times by various conquerors, including Alexander the Great. Alexander founded at least 8 cities in Central Asia between 334 - 323 years BC.

As for caravans, they started passing on the Great Silk Road later, since 138th AC when China opened its borders for trading.

During the period from 484 to 1150 the region was invaded by the west tribes: Huns, Turks and Arabs.  The Arabs brought a new religion - Islam. Within that period, many mosques and madrasahs had been built in Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva. Most of them had been built during the reign of Samanids.

Many cities were totally destroyed during the invasion of Genghis Khan in 1220. Later, the great conqueror Timur, known in the West under the name of Tamerlane, revived the destroyed cities using for that those slaves and builders who had been captured during Timir’s successful military campaigns. Tamerlane annexed Persia, Baghdad, he had campaigns to Anatolia and India. The majority of the architectural buildings that were located in Samarkand today, were built by Tamerlane and his grandson Ulugbek.

Hospitality - an activity aimed at the development ( construction and renovation ) Hotel - rooms with furnished rooms for short-term tourist accommodation designed and equipped to provide guests with a range of services associated with travel : accommodation, accommodation , information and consumer services, leisure and etc.Today Hospitality performs key functions in the tourism industry.Modern hotels offer consumers not only accommodation and food services , but also a huge variety of entertainment , transport, communications, the services, as well as sports , medical services, beauty salons , etc. Of course , a set of services varies depending on the class of hotel.Such a variety of services dictated by high competition in the hotel industry . Hotel owners are forced to monitor changing customer preferences and try to fully satisfy them. Therefore, the success of the hotel business depends largely on compliance with customer needs and service quality.

In Russia, the hotel business has not so much developed as in the West, even if considered separately Moscow and St. Petersburg .Basically , hotel complexes represented the old buildings in which it is impossible to maintain a European level. Service leaves much to be desired.

However, in recent years the situation has begun to change for the better. Began large-scale construction of high class hotels , not only in the capital but also in the regional centers . Become more strict requirements for personnel, general services is the aim for European standards. This is largely due to the rise of the economy in our country , as well as increased levels of welfare.Advantour.com offers booking hotels in Bukhara and other cities of Uzbekistan. Book via the Internet your chosen hotel in Bukhara viewing features, compare prices

In Bukhara common private hotels . Most of them are located in the Old Town , near the main historical complex Bukhara - Labi- Hauz . Bukhara small private hotels , located in a private one-or two-storey houses of Bukhara , typical for their internal quadrangle . Travelers will appreciate the exotic oriental design, characteristic of private hotels Bukhara. This hotel B & B, where the morning breakfast , and lunch and dinner are prepared to order visitors. In Bukhara, there is also a business hotel located in the city center . They are built in the style of modern hotels in these modern facilities , a wide range of services provided.Promotion of small family businesses and innovation - an important factor in the stability of the economy

The report of the President of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov at the joint session of the Legislative Chamber and the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan " The Concept of further deepening democratic reforms and formation of civil society in the country ," it was noted that " For the expansion of small business and entrepreneurship it is time to legally define new organizational and legal form of business - family business. remains urgent adoption of legislation that would allow the further expansion of the role and stake in the country's economy and small businesses , primarily of private enterprise . "

At a solemn meeting dedicated to the 18th anniversary of the Constitution , declaring 2011 the Year of small business and private entrepreneurship, the head of state stressed that small business and.

During the discussion, it was pointed out that if in 2000 by the creation of a favorable environment and conditions for the development of small business and entrepreneurship as an important factor in securing employment, raise incomes and living standards of the population share of small business in the gross domestic product was 30 percent, by the end of 2010, this figure is projected to about 53 percent , currently employed in this field more than 74 percent of total employment in the economy, only in 2010 organized 480,000 jobs through the development of small business and entrepreneurship .

According to the adopted March 16, 2012 Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan " On family business " family business is the single tax payer in the manner prescribed by law . In the family business established taxation corresponding taxes in private enterprise .Family business profit after taxes and other obligatory payments placed at the disposal of its members and is not subject to another tax . Family company pays compulsory payments to social funds from the wage fund in the manner prescribed by law . Family businesses are exempt from the single tax on revenue received from the sale of products of national crafts and applied arts own making.

In the city of Bukhara, February 16 this year, in the framework of the goals and objectives of the project " Education professional development of women in the regions ", funded by the Public Fund under the Oliy Majlis of Uzbekistan held a seminar on "Development of national craftsmanship ."The event was organized Bukhara Regional Centre artisans "Hunarmand" and regional division of Women's Committee . The seminar was held in order to improve the legal, economic , and applied knowledge and skills of women entrepreneurs in the conduct of its business.The event was attended by representatives of the Center "Hunarmand" , the Women's Committee , the regional units " Uzbektourism " women entrepreneurs , residents of Mahalla citizens' assemblies involved family business.

Small business development - one of the main directions of structural reforms in the economy of Uzbekistan. This sector creates the necessary atmosphere of competition, contributes to the creation of additional jobs and income growth. To ensure the most favorable business environment to entrepreneurs provided various incentives and preferences, as well as to provide full support. Privatization is the basis for the formation of a mixed economy and the further development of market relations. Foreign experience shows that in developed countries, small and medium-sized enterprises make up 80 to 97 percent of the total number of enterprises, provide jobs for more than half of the workforce , and produce up to 70 percent of the national product. For example, in Singapore in small businesses employ about 80 percent of the total employed population. It provides about 4-5 percent of GDP growth. In China, small business manufactures most of its products and services. The main part of China's exported goods falls on the share of small business.

The dynamic development of small business is going through economic liberalization and the creation of a qualitatively new business environment. This has led to reduced costs of doing business and increase the utilization of material , labor and financial resources allowed to invest more in the development of production .

The main priorities of this sector - to create the most favorable business environment for business development , the implementation of measures to provide greater freedom of entrepreneurship , further large-scale reduction of state intervention and regulatory authorities in the financial and economic activities of businesses and the expansion of small business access to credit , raw materials , public procurement system, the creation of the necessary institutional , legal and financial mechanisms and conditions for the development of the export potential of this sector .

Given the importance and the role of small businesses in the economic development of Uzbekistan , the government recently passed legislation aimed at further development of this sector .

For the implementation of a wide range of targeted measures to create the most favorable conditions the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2011 " On the State program " Year of small business and entrepreneurship . " During this period, provided a number of activities to support the further development of this sector, the expansion the participation of small businesses and private entrepreneurs in foreign economic activities and increase their export potential .

To ensure effective use of the state budget , increase access to public contracts for the supply of goods (works, services) , competition and transparency in public procurement adopted a decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2011 " On the optimization of the public procurement system and expanding bringing them to the small businesses . "

The results achieved and measures implemented since independence , aimed at the development of small business and entrepreneurship , - clear evidence that formed a favorable business climate , there are opportunities for further economic development of Uzbekistan .

Today in our country , with the full support of the leadership of the Government and the country's rapidly developing small business and entrepreneurship , increasing its share of GDP . Along with this, the increasing economic importance of family business , implemented in the form of home-based work also extends the dynamic emergence of a new social class - farmers, whose activity is mainly based on the family. Thus , the family became one of the constituents of the middle class and, of course , an element of economic stability.

During the past few years, luxurious hotels were built in Tashkent, Samarkand and Bukhara, which are managed by western hotel operators. In addition, there are a number of licensed independent hotels and B&B's that provide suitable accommodation at much lower price. It is necessary for visitors to obtain a registration during the stay in Uzbekistan, which is usually provided by the hotel that you will stay. Most tourist hotel rooms have a shower, private bath, air conditioning, telephone, satellite TV with international channels like CNN, BBC, ESPN. 

Bukhara - a Pearl of the East, is famous not only for its rich history and architectural monuments, but also for a wide selection of Hotels and Guest Houses decorated in national and European styles.

In 2014 ten modern hotels by international standards for 281 places are planned to open in Bukhara region.

Last year in the same region of Uzbekistan seven hotels were opened, thereby more than 160 places were created.

According to official figures, currently more than 1,500 people are employed in the tourism organizations, more than 1,300 are employed in the private travel agencies.

In Bukhara region besides the construction and reconstruction of hotel complexes special attention is paid to the development of new tourism destinations – ecotourism, agro-tourism, health tourism and the development of the popular tourist destinations of the ancient cities of Uzbekistan.

In 1993 Bukhara was included in UNESCO World Heritage List. And in 1997 under the auspices of UNESCO it was celebrated its 2500th anniversary. Today Bukhara offers its tourists to visit more than 400 archaeological and architecture monuments from the V century BC till the beginning of the last century. Annually only Bukhara State Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve is visited by about 415 thousand people.

At the moment, the interest of the world is being drawn to the great trans-continental routes of the ancient world. The Great Silk Road is a rich tapestry of tourism destinations and products based on the unique and outstandingly rich heritage, nature, and traditions of the dozens of distinct histories, peoples and cultures all along the timeless route, now extending a warm welcome to visitors.