14 THE INFINITIVE
125 Question word + to-infinitive
1 We can use a question word or phrase before a to-infinitive.
I just don't know what to say.
Alice wasn't sure how much to tip the porter.
Have you any idea how to open this packet?
No one told us where to meet.
This pattern expresses an indirect question about what the best action is. What to
say means 'what I should say'.
NOTE
a We cannot use
why in this pattern,
b We can use whether but not if.
I was wondering whether to ring you. We'll have to decide whether to go (or not).
c After what, which, whose, how many and how much we can use a noun.
I didn't know what size to buy. The driver wasn't sure which way to go.
2 Here are some verbs that we can use before the question word:
advise someone discover know tell someone
ask (someone) discuss learn think
choose explain remember understand
consider find out show someone wonder
decide forget teach someone workout
We can also use have an idea, make up your mind and the adjectives clear, obvious
and sure.
We can also use this pattern after a preposition.
I was worried about what to wear.
There's the problem of how much luggage to take.
NOTE
To report instructions about how something should be done, we use
tell/show someone how
to or
teach someone (how) to.
Maureen told me how to turn on the heating. I didn't know how to do it.
Compare an indirect order.
Maureen told me to turn on the heating. She felt cold.
126 For and of with a to-infinitive
1 The pattern I'll wait for you to finish
I'll wait for you to finish your breakfast.
We've arranged for a photographer to take some photos.
We can use apply for, arrange for, ask for, call for (= demand), long for, prepare for,
wait for.
2 The pattern It's important for you to finish
It's important for you to finish the course and get a qualification.
It can be difficult for young people to buy their own home.
I'm anxious for the matter to be settled.
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We can use many adjectives in this pattern, for example:
anxious eager marvellous silly
awful easy necessary stupid
better/best essential nice terrible
cheap expensive ready willing
convenient important reluctant wonderful
dangerous keen safe wrong
difficult
3 Patterns with too and enough
Before the for pattern, we can use too or enough with a quantifier, adjective or
adverb.
There's too much work for you to finish today.
The kitchen is too small for the whole family to eat in.
The light wasn't shining brightly enough for anyone to notice it.
4 The pattern It's a good idea for you to finish
It's a good idea for you to finish the course and get a qualification.
It's a nuisance for tourists to have to get visas.
We can use some nouns, e.g. advantage, demand, disadvantage, disaster, idea,
mistake, nuisance, plan.
NOTE
We can also use some nouns related to the verbs and adjectives in Patterns 1 and 2.
I've made arrangements for someone to take photos.
He couldn't hide his anxiety for the matter to be settled.
5 The pattern It's nice of you to finish
It's nice of you to finish the job for me.
It was rude of your friend not to shake hands.
It was clever of Tina to find that out.
We can use adjectives expressing personal qualities, e.g. brave, careless, clever,
foolish, generous, good, helpful, honest, intelligent, kind, mean, nice, polite, rude,
sensible, silly, stupid, wrong.
NOTE
Compare these sentences.
It was nice of Tom to take the dog for a walk.
(Nice expressing a personal quality: it was a kind action by Tom.)
It was nice for Tom to take the dog for a walk.
(It was a pleasant experience for Tom.)
6 For expressing purpose
There are telephones for drivers to call for help if they break down.
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