Oqiw materiallari nókis-2020 Unit 11. Topic: World in Danger. Lesson 20. Vocabulary

2.Freedom
b.relating to armies or armed forces and the way in which they are organized
3.Military	c.someone who develops and carries out a plan, especially a business, military, or political plan
4.Strategist	d.a plan or suggestion, especially a formal one that a group has to consider
5.Statesman	e.an experienced political leader that many people respect
6.Proposal	f.the right to do what you want, make your own decisions, and express your own opinions
7.quality	g.use weapons
8.invader	i.a country, army etc that uses force to enter another country
9.plunder	j.the quality of something is how good or bad it is

Reading Temurid’s dynasty

Amir Temur created a great state stretching from the Ganges River in what is now India to the Volga River, and from the Tian Shan mountains to Bosfor. He built an enormous state which included parts of Turon ,Iran, Rome , Magreb, Syria, Egypt, Iraq , Azerbaijan, Khurasan, Jeddah and Great Tataristan. It is said that his “3 years, 5 years, 7 years” glorious military marches were well-known all over the world. Before his military march to one or another kingdom he suggested peaceful proposals, and when these kings didn’t agree with him, Temur began his military actions. Thanks to these qualities he differs from other kings and governors. In the final period of his life, Temur prepared for a great campaign against China, but died in February 1405 at the age 69 in the city of Otrar. His body was taken to Samarkand and interred at the Gur-Amir mausoleum. During the Mongol invasion, Samarkand was razed to the ground. The memory of the invaders was expressed in the following saying, “They came, destroyed, killed, plundered and left”. The period from the end of the 14^th century to the middle of the 15^th century marked a peak in the economic, political and cultural life in Samarkand. The city won world renown as the capital of Amir Temur’s vast state. Having made Samarkand the capital of his state, Temur had thou- sands of skilled artisans from the conquered countries taken to the city. He launched extensive construction. During 1371-1372, Samarkand was surrounded by a massive wall which had six gates and ran about seven kilometers. A citadel was built in the western section of the city and was surrounded by a wall eight meters high. Amir Temur's residence was inside the Kok-Sarai palace, where the ruler received foreign emissaries, generals and the feudal nobility. Next to Kok-Sarai were government offices and the armoury. Temur wanted to make Samarkand a city of unsurpassed beauty. Washing to underscore the superiority of his capital over other world capitals, he named suburban villages Misr, Damascus, Baghdad, Sultania and Shiraz. Temur built the impressive mausoleums of Shakhi-Zinda and Gur- Amir, as well as the Bibikhanim grand mosque, which stand to this day.