Operating Systems utilities: Network utilities

Download 0,78 Mb.

Student : Akramov abbos

Network utilities are basic software tools designed for analyzing and configuring various aspects of computer networks. They usually focus on one part of the network connection or one kind of device. Most network utilities were designed for Unix computer systems, but they’ve now been developed for use on all operating systems.
Network utilities help you keep your network functioning properly by allowing you to check the various aspects of your network, such as connections between devices, packet loss, and latency between connections. If a network issue arises, a network utility can help you pinpoint the problem—whether it’s rooted in a particular connection, a particular device, and so on—and troubleshoot it before it affects your services, applications, and users.

A utility that is used to display protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections. You can display the connection status and throughput statistics for TCP/IP interfaces in the computer.

A utility that is used to display and modify the IP-to-physical address translation tables in hosts and routers that the address resolution protocol uses.

A utility that is used for troubleshooting DNS problems, such as host name resolution failure. Nslookup displays a command prompt and shows the host name and IP address of the local DNS server. You can then perform interactive queries to test DNS name resolution.

A route-tracing utility that displays a list of router interfaces from the routers along the path between a source host and a destination. Tracert uses the IP TTL field in Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Requests and ICMP Time Exceeded messages to determine the path from a source to a destination through an IP internetwork.

A route-tracing tool that combines the features of Ping and Tracert with additional unique information. Over a period of time, Pathping sends packets to each router on the path to a final destination, and then computes results that are based on the packets that are returned from each hop. Pathping shows the degree of packet loss at any given router or link, so that you can pinpoint which routers or links might be causing network problems.

A utility used to troubleshoot IP-level connectivity. Ping allows you to specify the size of packets to use (the default is 32 bytes), how many to send, whether to record the route used, what Time to Live (TTL) value to use, and whether to set the don't fragment flag. Ping provides a minimum average and maximum roundtrip time (RTT), which is useful to analyze where routing delays occur.

A utility that performs a series of tests to isolate networking and connectivity problems; it is also used to determine the functional state of your network client. Netdiag performs extensive testing of the computer on which it is run, including checking the availability of WINS and DNS. You install Netdiag with the support tools, which are available in the \Support\Tools directory of your Windows 2000 compact disc.

Rounding out the last three are Ipconfig (Windows) and Ifconfig (Linux / Unix). When we need to know the IP address(es) of the host that we’re working on, these are the utilities to use. Not only will it provide IPv4 information, but it will also provide IPv6 addresses, MAC addresses, DNS servers, default gateways and data with regard to how much traffic is flowing over the interface along with errors and dropped packets.

Nbtstat is a primarily diagnostic network utility. It uses NetBIOS over TCP/IP, a protocol for allowing old NetBIOS applications to be run on a TCP/IP network. If there’s a problem with NetBIOS over TCP/IP, you use nbtstat to troubleshoot it.

There are several reasons to use relevant network utilities. Beyond helping streamline your network performance and keep your network accessibility and performance reliable, network utilities can be used for security purposes, and to quickly troubleshoot issues when they come up.
Network utilities help you keep your network functioning properly by allowing you to check the various aspects of your network, such as connections between devices, packet loss, and latency between connections.

Download 0,78 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: