Chapter 6. Hands-on activities
Introduction
This part of the manual outlines the hands-on aspects of the workshop.
The activities outlined below were selected based on the software's popular-
ity, the installation techniques they represent, the length of time and exper-
tise they require, and their applicability to a library setting. This is not a
comprehensive list of activities. A glaring omittion may be the installation
of a number of GNU Tools, specifically, some sort of text editor, the compiler
gcc, and make. Consequently, these activities assume the hosting (your) com-
puter is duly equipped or the activities can be accomplished on top of Windows
or Unix/Linux operating systems without compilation.
For the most part, the activities are listed in priority order; many times you
must install a previous package before a subsequent package can be installed,
but this is not always the case. All the packages to be installed in these ex-
ercises are included on the CD. Thus acquiring the software is a matter using
the copy command (cp) from the CD to your home directory, or acquiring the
software from the distribution site. The choice is yours.
The installation of open source and GNU software follows a pattern. You usu-
ally:
1.
download the software
2.
uncompressess and un-tar the package
3.
run some sort of configuration program prior to compilation
4.
compile (make) the software
5.
test it
6.
install it
Downloading the software is usually done through an FTP or HTTP interface. I
like to get the URL of the remote file and feed it to a program called wget
which then does all the work.
Uncompressing and un-tarring the is the work of gunzip and tar, respectively.
To configure for compilation there is usually some sort of file called config-
ure or in the case of Perl modules you run the command "perl Makefile.PL". In
either case the script examines the contents of your downloaded package to
make sure it is complete, examines your computer's hardware and software to
make sure you have the necessary tools installed, and finally builds some sort
of a "make" file which is a script used to actually make the software. The
most often used configuration is "--prefix". This configuration denotes where
the software will eventually be installed. By default, most software gets in-
stalled in /usr/local. This is usually a good place, but circumstances are not
always the same from person to person, so running a configuration like this,
./configure --prefix=/disk1/local, might be just what you need. When in doubt,
try ./configure --help for a complete list configuration options.
In almost all cases the next step is to run make and the software is built. If
there are problems, then you can usually run "make clean" to remove the mis-
takes, re-run the configuration script, and try make again.
Once the program is built, hopefully without errors, you might be able to run
30
"make test" which will examine whether or not program works.
Finally, you can run "make install" to put the program onto your file system.
Access to /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/man, /usr/local/lib, /usr/local/etc, and
/usr/local/include is usually restricted to root-level users. Consequently,
you might need root privileges for this last step, but remember the --prefix
configuration option. Using this option allows you to save the installation in
your home directory. (Hint, hint!)
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