Omad o`zidan-o`zi kelmaydi! O’quv qo’llanmasi maxsus Passive voice
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O’quv qo’llanmasi maxsus Passive voice Pv is used when the doer of the action is uncertain or when the action more important the its doer and it is used in present simple as follow. Act: S+V+C
She cleans be room rarely. The room is cleaned (by her ) rarely. They arrange a meeting every Tuesday A meeting is arranged by them every Tuesday.
Tom talks with his sister once in a blue moon. Tom`s sister is talked with by Tom.
Tom is taking his brother with him to the trip. Tom’s brother is being taken with Tom to the trip.
That news is being told to my brother. My brother is being told that news.
When I came home, My mother cooked a meal. A meal was cooked (by my mum). When Tom published his first book everybody liked it and praised him. When Tom’s first book was published it was liked and he was praised by everybody.
My aunt was buying goods which my neighbor brought from Turkey. Goods which were brought from Turkey were being brought. Future simple passive A:S+WILL+V+C. P: S(C )+WILL+BE+V(3) He will clean the rooms perfectly if he takes sufficient minuses. The rooms will be cleaned perfectly if he takes sufficient minuses.(p) Future Continous passive Actually, we can’t make a passive for of future c. so instead we use future simple passive. A: S+WILL/SHALL+BE+ V ing+ C. P: S(C )+WILL+BE+V(3) They will be watching a movie named “In time” at 9 oclock today. A movie named “In Time ” will be watched at 9 today. Present perfect passive A:S+ have/has+V(3)+C P: S( C) +have/has +been +V(3) He has given up smoking since his father punished him severely.
HAdn’t you read the science book since last month ? Hadn’t the science book been read since last month? Future perfect simple A:S+ will+have + V(3)+C. PAS: S+(C )+ will have +been +V(3)+C We will have finished this level by the end of March. This level will have been finished by the end of March. Omad o`zidan-o`zi kelmaydi! Modal Modals are used to increase or decrease the meaning of the main verb in a sentence and they require bare infinitive offer themselves. He studies well. He can study well. He might study well. He should study well.
She can drink one bottle of cola at once. Tom could talk fluently in four language in the past.
We cannot speak to that person in his native language. We could not even understand simple rules in English. Can means permission, request and ability in question form: Can you show me your new phone? Can you do me a favour ? Could is more polite than can in the meaning of request and it can also be used ability in the past. Can /Could I can translate these sentences into English perfectly. These sentence can be translated into English perfectly. S (C )+can/could+be+V3 May/might May/might are used for possible and may is stranger than might. We might pass the exam 30 with. We may pass the exam 50 with They may contact if you win in the competition. We might give the group fund to you if your score is highest. May not/mightn’t He may not read the science book if he is busy.
The science book may not be read by him if he is busy. May in question form expression permission not possibility and in order to make its possibility in a question form we use is its possible that and is it likely that.
May I have your phone number please? Should – is used for suggestion offer. You should take this medicine twice in a day. You should study very hard.
We shouldn’t make any noise whole solving a quiz. Should in the question form asks a suggestion form the listener. Ex: Should I go through this road or the other? Should I take this medicine or the other?
She ought to go the theatre because her friends are waiting. I ought to learn passive voice. You ought not to shout at my friends at all. Ought to actually there is no question form ought to but if we need we can use the following structure. Ought we to finish modals today? Ought they to come before?
A daughter had better look after her grandmother. A daughter’s grandmother had better be looked
You must be understand every rule perfectly. Every rule must be understood perfectly.
Must we spend at least 8hours or English itself a day? Must at least 8 hours be spend or English itself a day?
You have to find at least 18 to pass to the next level. You have to wear a seat belt.
You don’t have to talk in English. She does not have to know everything about you. Do we have to come at shop 5 oclock every other day? Does he have to give an example to show that be understood?
He had to talk nonstop to impress the interviewer. She didn’t have to clean the room. Did you have to make a phone? TO BE TO TO BE TO is equal to must and it can be used present and past tense each show on obligation to the action. You are to speak in English in the next level. You are not to talk to each other during the lesson. They were not to fall asleep while driving a car. TO BE SUPPOSED TO TO BE SUPPOSED TO MEANS to be expected to do smth which means the subject of a sentence is expected to do action. Omad o`zidan-o`zi kelmaydi! You are supposed to come at 7 oclock. She wasn’t supposed to go to the hospital alone.
Would you like to have lunch with us? Would you like some tea?
Would you like to travel with me to different countries? Do you like to travel with me to different countries? RULE
Need functions as an ordinary verb and aux verb when it is used an ordinary verb it requires full infinitive. Need Need as an ordinary verb can be used with different tense and in present / past tense we use do /does/did to make its question and negative form. Need as modal verb cannot be used with other tense. We use need itself to make its native and question form Ex:
We don’t need to take any financial form. We needn’t get help from you. Need as an ordinary verb can be used with an object but as a modal verb cannot be used with any objects. Tom needs some money to buy that house. We needed a lot of patience until graduate the course.
Talk about yourself as much as possible. Take this medicine twice in a day. Do in order to give more stress we can use do at the beginning at a sentence before the verb. Do keep silence even when I am out of the lesson. Do take him out of my sight faster.
Don’t distract me during the lesson. Don’t look at me in the way. In order to make imperative to the third person we the following structure. Let +them/him/her+ bare inf. Let him realize the importance at reading ”Science ” 5 times. Let them talk to me myself. Let+ them/him/her+ not+ bare inf. Let them not speak about scientific things.
LET+US + BARE infinitive Let us talk quietly in order. Let’s(=let us) disturb others in the library. He/ she/it /they+ must/to be to+bare inf He is to wait. They must do the job today. LET+US +not+ BARE infinitive Let’s not go out of the lesson driving the lesson. Let’s not disturb each other while solving a quiz. We use first person mostly to express permission and suggestion and we use the following structure. LET+ME+BARE INF LET ME PASS. Let me explain the topic. LET+ME+not+BARE INF Let me not talk because I have toothache. Addition renarks Addition renarks –izohlarga qo`shimchalar. In order to give addition to the statement we use the follow structures and they express positive addition to a positive sentence SO+AUX+S ---Tom has to know English perfectly. --- so do I. Or, I do also/too --Their little brother cleans all the rooms in the house everyday. -- so does my brother. Or My brother does also, too. In order to give an addition to a negative statement.
-- Neither/Nor can Tom. Or Tom cannot Either.
---We seldom arrange an extra lesson during the week. --- Neither/Nor do they. Or they don’t either. We use the following structure to make a negative addition to a positive sentence.
-- But I don’t. --Bob will always manage his job.If he continues in this way, but I won’t -- But I won’t In order to give a positive addition to a negative sentence we use the following structure
You don’t have to know everything that is not, related to you. But I do Question There are 3 types of questions in questions 1.Genral; 2.Special; 3.Alternative. Genral q is given to whole a sentence and it requires short answers starting with “Yes”, “No”. Do you understand me now? Yes, We do. No we don’t If the subject of a question sentence is a noun it will change into pronoun in the answer. ---Will the cashier come to the next lesson with her list? --- Yes, She will or No She won’t. Special question Special question is formed with wh question words at the beginning of a sentence before the aux verb and it can be given to each part at sentence and also it requires full answers. W.Q.Words +aux+S+verb Bob was driving his car carelessly on the main road y-y. Who was driving a car carelessly on the main road y-y ?(p) Omad o`zidan-o`zi kelmaydi! ( C)
How was Bob driving his car on the main road y-y ? Where was Bob driving his car carelessly y-y ? When was Bob driving his car carelessly on the road? Whose car was Bob driving carelessly on the main road y-y? If the verb of question sentence is transitive and if we give a question to the predicate of this sentence we drop the verb and its commit in the question sentence. We solved a difficult quiz in the lesson y-y. What did you do in the lesson y-y? If we give special quest to subject of sentence we use who or what as question word at the beginning of a sentence and the rest of a sentence doesn’t change. Who come from different countries of the world? What students can never pass the exams at once? IF WE give special subject question we place word who or what but if we give special object question.
My sister usually waits for me for dinner. Who usually waits for me for dinner? Whom does my sister usually wait for dinner? What eats waste materials in everywhere
What would you like to order ? What meals do you have ? (Unlimited) We have steak pilov and …. And which do you like more?
What does your closed friend look like?—He is a muscular, well- built and a little tall boy. What +to be+ S+ like ? it is used for asking the character of subject What is your closed friend like?—hi is a little selfish. Alternative Question
Did your brother study at this school or another? Omad o`zidan-o`zi kelmaydi! Did your brother study or work at this school? Did you like swimming or skiing? Did you study well or awfully at school? Does your father go to Dubai ever year? Will you start working in this company or have you already settled down at certain position? If give alternative to the subject of a sentence we can use two ways. First, We can simply give and alternative subject with of a sentence Second, we can mention aux verb and alternative subject at the end of a sentence . Does her mother or she cook a meal for dinner? Does Alice’s mother cook a meal or does she? Did your friend or you buy a new phone? Did your friend buy a new phone or did you?
If the sentence is positive question tag will be negative. --she prefers studying to having a party, doesn’t she? The following words give negative meaning to the sentence and the question tag will be positive barely scarcely, hardly, seldom, rarely, no one, nobody, never No student could understand the rarely start the lesson late, do we? Somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, none, everybody, everyone, human, person = she/he? Everybody may understand the rule, mayn’t she/he? With imperative sentence we use the following structure. DO smth, Will you? Go out without talking to others, Will you/ Don’t write anything while I am explain smth, will you?
Let them come tomorrow without being late, Will you? Let+us (not) do smth, shall we? Let’s not take any quiz before general to check your real knowledge, shall we? If you know what would happen next, you would have killed yourself, wouldn’t you? They will inform and contract you when/if you are accepted for this job, won’t they? Let’s(=let us) go out, Shall we?
Comment tag is similar question tag but it’s given by the listener. If the sentence is positive, comment tag will also be positive. If the sentence is negative, comment tag will also be negative and other features are the same as a features of question tags. A:~ They will leave for study soon. B:~ will they? C:~ Magnet can also be used to be produce energy. D:~ Can it? Gap tarkibiga A:~ No one has ever been able to set a new record in this field B:~ hasn’t he/she? Embedded sentence Qachonki biron bir so`roq shakildagi gapni boshqa bir so`roq tarkibiga kiritganimizda u o`zining so`roqlik qurulishini yo`qotadi va quydagicha bo`ladi. Wh +aux +S+P ex: when will you come? S+P+wh+S+P+C+M ex: The teacher is asking when you will come. When are you learning? I want to know when you are learning. How do you usually feel if smb asks personal questions? Bob is asking me how I usually feel if smb asks personal questions.
Do you study at university? I am asking if you study at university. Will we organise a party? We should decide whether we will organise a party. Will you organise the party or will they? I am asking if will organize the party or will you? Are you staying or leaving? We want to know whether you are staying or learning. ….whether or not… …If / whether …or not Well we solve a quiz next lesson or not? We are asking whether we will solve a quiz next lesson or not? Is it raining or not? I want to know whether or not it is raining? Will you come to the party if I invite you? I am asking whether you will come to the party if I invite you. Pronoun change Can you pass your dictionary to me? He is asking me if I can pass my dictionary to me. Will you come to our party? We are asking them if they will come to our party. Omad o`zidan-o`zi kelmaydi! Tense change If the first part of a sentence is in the present tense, we don’t change the tense of the question. What are you doing? I am asking what you are doing. He is asking what I am doing. Articles A/ an +sing, countable noun Whole class that noun. A wolf (=any wolf) is a dangerous animal. A child (=any child) needs love. A/an is also used in some phrases: A lot of, a lot, a great many, a few, a great deal of Tom earns a great deal of money. A/an with numbers A /one second =a half, A/one third(3dan bir), a/one fourth =quarter , a/one fifth. One and a half; half a kilo; half an our; A/an =per $10 an hour; two minuses a(=per) mistake; an apple a (=per) person
A Mr Holmatov asked you; Mr Holmatov asked you
One /a/an A/one hundred; a/one book But: A pencil is not as good as a pen.( har qanday) One pencil is not as good as one pen.( bitta qalam) Special use of one My brother is one person who I believe. One must respect his/ her parents.
We can use one in this way for future also. But in this case one day is usual more. Omad o`zidan-o`zi kelmaydi! A few/ a little A few +pl noun A little+ uncoun noun Few = not many and not enough; a few= not many but enough Little= not much and not enough; a little= mot much but enough Tom has few friends. He is always alone . They can also be used as a pronoun. A:How much sugar do you want into your tea? B:Little A:How many people come to the meeting? B:A few Only +a little/ a few =very little few Ann eat only a little food. I saw only a few seals on the beach. Quite a little/ a few Ann has started to eat quite a little food. She is becoming fat.
A little can be used unfavourable adjective and adverb A little dishonest/ a little angrily A little can also used before comparative degree of adjective or adverb Tom is a little taller then Bob. Rather / a bit(infor)+adj/adverb A number of =many The number of =the amount of A number of +plural noun+ plural predicate A number of students are going to fail the exam. The number of +plural noun+ singular predicate. Ex :The number of students who will fail the exam is going to be high. After
She usually gets up after 7 O`clock. After you finish washing up, you should clean the living room. I still remember the war and revolution after. Afterwards (adv) =after that, then. Tom had a bath and afterwards went to bed. I ate the cake and drank all the juice afterwards. Bob hit his opponent but immediately afterwards received a punch on the stomach. But/except
No one but Tom answered correctly. Nothing but the gold sword was stolen Nowhere but the place is suitable for building our factory. No one answered correctly except Tom.
Nothing was stolen except the gold sword. Nowhere is suitable for building our factory except the place .
You can park your car anywhere except here. You can park your car anywhere but here.
Jack did nothing but/except sleep Yesterday, I did many tasks but/except revise grammar.
Except/ except I invited many other people besides my relatives.(qarindoshlar ham) I invited many other people except my relatives.(qarindoshlani taklif qilmagan) Download 91 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
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