Oliy va o‘rta maxsus ta’lim

2. Sanoq sistemelari. 1-Topshiriq.Quyidagi 10 li sanoq sistemasidagi sonlarni 2 li, 8 li va 16 li sanoq sistemasidagi o’tkazing.

a) 26710 →X2	b) 26710 →Y8	c) 26710 →X16
d) 267,6810 →X2 Topshiriqni bajarish	e) 267,6810 →Y8	f) 267,6810 →X16

a) 267| 2

266| 133| 2
1 132| 66| 2
1 66| 33| 2
0 32| 16| 2

2
1 16| 8|
0 8| 4| 2
0 4| 2| 2
0 2| 1
267| 16
256| 16| 16
11 16| 1
0
Demak, 267₁₀=10B₁₆

Demak, 267₁₀=100001011₂

Berilgan misoldagi sonlarni butun qismi yuqorida aniqlangan. Shuning uchun ularni kasr qismi ustida amallarni bajaramiz.
d) _x 0,68 _x 0,36 _x 0,72 … Demak, 267,68₁₀=100001011,101₂
2 2 2
1,36 0,72 1,44

e) x 0,68 8	x 0,44 8	x 0,52 ... 8	Demak, 267,6810=413,5348
5,44	3,52	4,16
f) x 0,68 16	x 0,88 16	x 0,08 … 16	Demak, 267,6810= 10B,AE116
10,88	14,08	1,28

2-Topshiriq. Quyidagi sonlarni 10 li sanoq sistemasiga o’tkazing. (а, в, д, е) a) 100001011,101₂ →X₁₀

100001010,101₂=1*2⁸+0*2⁷+0*2⁶+0*2⁵+0*2⁴+1*2³+0*2²+1*2¹+1*2⁰+1*2^-
1+0*2^-2+1*2^-3= 256+8+2+1+0,5+0,125=267,625₁₀

b) 413,534₈→Y₁₀

413,534₈=4*8²+1*8¹+3*8⁰+5*8^-1+3*8^-2+4*8³=256+8+3+0,625+0,1725+
0,0156≈267,68₁₀

c) 10B,AE1₁₆→Z₁₀

10B,AE1₁₆=1*16²+0*16¹+11*16⁰+10*16^-1+14*16^-2+1*16^-3=256+11+0,625+
0,054+0,0 ≈267,68₁₀

3-Topshiriq. Quyidagi yig’indini hisoblang. (а, в, г, д). Olingan natijalarni tekshiring.

a) 10000000100₂ + 111000010₂ = 10111000110_2
+ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0

b) 232,2₈ + 427,54₈ = 662,74₈

₊ 232,2
427,54

Tekshirish:

232,2₈=2*8²+3*8¹+2*8⁰+2*8^-1=128+24+2+0,25=154,25₁₀
427,54₈=4*8²+2*8¹+7*8⁰+5*8^-1+4*8^-2=256+16+7+0,625+0,0625=279,6875₁₀
661,74₈=6*8²+6*8¹+1*8⁰+7*8^-1+4*8^-2=384+48+1+0,875+0,0625=433,9375₁₀
154,25₁₀+279,6875₁₀=433,9375₁₀

c) 3B3,6₁₆ + 38B,4₁₆ = 73E,A_16
+ 3B3,6 38B,4
73E,A


¹=768+128+11+0,25=907,25₁₀
Tekshirish: 3B3,6₁₆=3*16²+11*16¹+3*16⁰+6*16^-1=
768+176+3+0,375=947,375₁₀
38B,4₁₆=3*16²+8*16¹+11*16⁰+4*16^-

73E,A₁₆=7*16²+3*16¹+14*16⁰+10*16^-1=1792+48+14+0,625=1854,625₁₀
947,375₁₀+907,25₁₀=1854,625₁₀

4-Topshiriq. Quyidagi ayirmani hisoblang. (а, в, г, д). Olingan natijalarni tekshiring.

а) 1100000011,011₂ – 101010111,1₂=110101011,111_2
- 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1,0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1,1 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1,1 1 1
Tekshrish:
1) 1100000011,011₂=1*2⁹+1*2⁸+0*2⁷+0*2⁶+0*2⁵+0*2⁴+0*2³+0*2²+1*2¹+1*2⁰+0
*2^-1+1*2^-2+1*2^-3= =512+256+2+1+0,25+0,0625=771,3125₁₀

2) 101010111,1₂=1*2⁸+0*2⁷+1*2⁶+0*2⁵+1*2⁴+0*2³+1*2²+1*2¹+1*2⁰+1*2^-1=

=256+64+16+4+2+1+0,5=343,5₁₀

3) 110101011,111₂=1*2⁸+1*2⁷+0*2⁶+1*2⁵+0*2⁴+1*2³+0*2²+1*2¹+1*2⁰+1*2^-

¹+1*2^-2+1*2^-3= 256+128+32+8+2+1+0,5+0,25+0,0625=427,8125₁₀

4) 771,3125₁₀ -343,5₁₀=427,8125₁₀

б) 1510,2₈ – 1230,54₈= 257,44₈

_- 1510,20
1230,54
257,44
Tekshrish:
1510,2₈ = 1*8³+5*8²+1*8¹+0*8⁰+2*8^-1 =512+320+8+0,25=840,25₁₀

1230,54₈ = 1*8³+2*8²+3*8¹+0*8⁰+5*8^-1+4*8^-2=512+128+24+0,625+

0,0625=664,6875₁₀

257,44₈ = 2*8²+5*8¹+7*8⁰+4*8^-1+4*8^-2=128+40+7+0,5+0,0625=175,5625₁₀

840,25₁₀ - 664,6875₁₀ = 175,5625₁₀

в) 27D,D8₁₆ -191,2₁₆ = EC,B8₁₆

_- 27D,D8 191, 20 EC,B8
Tekshrish:
27D,D8₁₆ = 2*16²+7*16¹+13*16⁰+13*16^-1+8*16^-2
=512+112+13+0,8125+0,03125=637,84375₁₀

191, 2₁₆ = 1*16²+9*16¹+1*16⁰+2*16^-1=256+144+1+0,125= 401,125₁₀

EC,B8₁₆ = 14*16¹+12*16⁰+11*16^-1+8*16^-2 = 224+12+0,6875+0,03125=236,71875₁₀ 637,84375₁₀ - 401,125₁₀ = 236,71875₁₀

5. 
   Topshiriq. Quyidagi ko’paytmani hisoblang.(а, б, в) а) 100111₂ ∙ 1000111₂ = 101011010001₂
   

x 100111

1000111
100111
+ 100111
100111
100111
101011010001

Tekshirish:

1) 100111₂ = 1*2⁵+0*2⁴+0*2³+1*2²+1*2¹+1*2⁰ = 32+4+2+1 = 39₁₀
2) 1000111₂ =1*2⁶+0*2⁵+0*2⁴+0*2³+1*2²+1*2¹+1*2⁰ =64+4+2+1=71₁₀
3) 101011010001₂ = 1*2¹¹+0*2¹⁰+1*2⁹+0*2⁸+1*2⁷+1*2⁶+0*2⁵+1*2⁴+0*2³+
0*2²+0*2¹+1*2⁰ = 2048+512+128+64+16+1=2769₁₀
4) 39₁₀ ∙ 71₁₀ = 2769₁₀

x 0,805	x 0,44	x 0,52
8	8	8
6,440	3,52	4,16

606| 8
600| 75| 8
6 72| 9| 8
3 8| 1
1
б) 17,64₈ ∙ 46,3₈ = 1136,634₈
17,64₈ = 1*8¹+7*8⁰+6*8^-1+4*8^-2= 8+7+0,75+0,0625=15,8125₁₀
46,3₈ = 4*8¹+6*8⁰+3*8^-1=32+6+0,375=38,375₁₀
15,8125₁₀ ∙ 38,375₁₀ = 606,805₁₀

с) 21,A₁₆ ∙ 10,D₁₆ =24B,DCE₁₆ 21,A₁₆=2*16¹+1*16⁰+10*16^-1=32+1+0,625=33,0625₁₀

10,D₁₆=1*16¹+0*16⁰+13*16^-1=16+0,8125=16,8125₁₀
33,0625₁₀ ∙ 16,8125₁₀ =555,863₁₀
555|16

544| 34|16

16	16	16
13,808	12,928	14,848

11 32| 2
4
_X 0,863 _X 0,808 _X 0,928

Topshiriqlar:

1. 
   Topshiriq.Quyidagi 10 li sanoq sistemasidagi sonlarni 2 li, 8 li va 16 li sanoq sistemasidagi o’tkazing .
   

1) 456789, 123456, 789123, 159753, 963852

2. 
   Topshiriq. Quyidagi sonlarni 10 li sanoq sistemasiga o’tkazing.
   

1) 10100001111, 11110000111, 11011010, 10101010101, 11110000111

3. 
   Topshiriq. Quyidagi yig’indini hisoblang. Olingan natijalarni tekshiring. a) 10000000100₂ + 111000010₂ , b) 11111100100₂ + 100000111110₂
   

Amaliy mashg`ulot №2

Mavzu: Zamonaviy kompyuterlar va ularning arxitekturasi. Kompyuter turlari. Zamonaviy kompyuterlarning arxitekturasi va strukturasi, kiritish va chiqarish qurilmalari.

Maqsad: Kompyuter bilan tanishish, ularning arxitekturasi, turlarini o’rganish, Klaviatura bilan ishlash ko’nikmasini hosil qilish.
Texnik vosita: Komp’yuterning asosiy va qushimcha qurilmalari

Amaliy mashg`ulot rejasi:

1. 
   Shaxsiy kompyuterlarning tuzilishi
   

2. Kompyuterlarni turlari

3. 
   Kompyuterning ishlash printsipi va tashkil etuvchilari
   

1. Shaxsiy kompyuterlarning tuzilishi

Shaxsiy kompyuterlar (inglizcha Personal Computers, qisqacha- PC) quyidagi qurilmalardan tashkil topgan:

• 
  tizim bloki;
  
• 
  monitor;
  
• 
  klaviatura;
  
• 
  sichqoncha;
  
• 
  tashqi qurilmalar.
  

Quyida klavishlar va ular bajaradigan vazifalarni ko‘rib chiqamiz.

Klavishlar	Vazifasi
↓ ↑ ← →	kursorni bir yoki bir necha o‘ringa o‘ngga, chapga, pastga va yuqoriga suradi
HOME (boshiga)	Kursorni satr boshiga olib keladi.
END (oxiri, nihoyasi)	Kursorni, satr oxiriga olib o‘tadi.
Page Up (Page Up) (bir sahifa	bu klavish bosilganda kursor bir sahifa
Page Down (Page Down) bir	bu klavish bosilsa kursor bir ekran orqaga
ESC (Escape)	qandaydir oldin berilgan vazifalardan voz

2. Kompyuterlarni sinflash

Kompyuterlarni xotirasining hajmi, takt chastotasi (bir sekundda bajaradigan amallar tezligi), ma’lumotlarning razryad to‘rida (yacheykalarda) tasvirlanishiga qarab, besh guruhga bo‘lish mumkin:

• 
  super kompyuterlar;
  
• 
  katta kompyuterlar;
  
• 
  mini kompyuterlar;
  
• 
  mikro kompyuterlar (shaxsiy kompyuterlar);
  
• 
  bloknot va cho‘ntak kompyuterlari (notebook, netbook)