Oil Analysis



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CM Oil Analysis

Oxidation

  • Caused by heat, air bubbles, water and metal particles
  • Chemical process that changes oil molecular structure
  • Very common problem monitored by oil sampling and testing
  • Results in an increase in oxides, acids, polymers and sludge
  • Oil properties change in that the viscosity increases (it gets thicker), it darkens and changes its odor.
  • Can be monitored by (amongst others)
    • Viscosity Measurement
    • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

Viscosity Testing

  • Kinematic Viscosity
    • Measures oil's resistance to flow due to gravity.
    • Units are "centistokes" (cSt)
  • Capillary viscometer
    • This U-shaped tube is filled with oil.
    • Suction is applied that lifts the oil up one side of the tube to a "start" line.
    • The tube is then submerged in a temperature controlled water bath (40C or 100C)
    • Oil allowed to flow from the start line to the stop line under gravity.
    • The time it takes represents the viscosity value
  • Absolute Viscosity
    • Measure's an oil's resistance to flow due to internal friction.
    • Units are "centipoise" (cPs)
  • Brookfield (rotary) viscometer
    • Glass tube in a temperature controlled block is filled with oil
    • Rotating spindle is submerged in the oil
    • The amount of torque necessary to turn the spindle at a particular rate determines the viscosity value

Effects of Incorrect Viscosity

  • Too high (thick oil)
  • Excessive resistance to flow causes:
    • Additional heat to be generated - one of main causes of oxidation and sludge
    • Oil may not flow to or through areas that it is supposed to flow (e.g. bearings, return or drain lines). Problem compounded when oil (system) is cold
    • Cavitation
    • Increased energy consumption
  • Too low (thin oil)
  • Insufficient resistance to flow causes:
    • Loss of proper oil film thickness - leads,to increased friction, heat buildup and effects such as oxidation
    • System is more susceptible to loss of oil film in high load and slow speed areas
    • System susceptible to problems generated by smaller particles than would be the case with a normal (thicker) oil film
    • Increased likelihood of thermal breakdown of the oil

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