Object of investigation,to the levels of language hierarchy and to two plans of the language

 
Typological theory.
 Typological operations are accomplished by typological 
theory, which are connected with establishing different etalon languages of 
linguistic investigations. It is also connected with description of different language 
universals, which may be described in different ways. 
Typological theory is not limited. Every typologist may establish and suggest his 
own method. For example, German linguists Schlegel Fr., Humboldt W., Bopp F. 
and others established typological theory for morphological classification of 
languages. Bondarko A. V. and others established functional-semantic categories, 
Otto 
Jespersen 
and 
Meshchaninov 
I.I.(the 
Russian 
linguist,etnographer,academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences) created 
notional categories, Gulyga E.V.and Shendels E.I.(1969) worked out lexico-
grammatical fields, Buranov J.B.proposed 
typological categories. All these methods are connected with the typological 
theory. 
 
There are five types of linguistic typologies: phonetic, phonological, 
morphological, syntactic and lexical. 
 
Phonetic 
typology deals with the comparison of units of phonetic level. It 
may compare units of related and non-related languages and studies the quantity 
of vowels and consonants, their articulation, presence or absence of some sounds, 
classification of languages according to the sounds' peculiarities. 
One of the first representatives of the phonetic typology was E. D. Polivanov. He is 
considered to be the founder of the phonetic typology. Phonetic system of Turkic 
languages is studied by professor Sherbak A. M.(1994) 
 
Phonological typology is a more isolated section than other typologies. It is 
one of the highly developed levels from the typological viewpoint. Phonological 
typology studies different phonological features, phonological universals ,it
concentraes on phoneme inventories and on implicational universals. It classifies 
languages according to the common phonological features. 
 
Nasal-non-nazal ; tonal-non-tonal; languages with initial stress -languages 
with final stress; languages with vowel harmony. 
The founders of phonological typology are Trubetzkoy N.(1939), Jacobson R. 
(1941), Martinet A.(1961), Schmid S., Panov M.V., Shirokov O. S., Klychkov 
G.S.and others. Trubetzkoy N. created "The principles of phonology" which is the 
basis of phonological typology. 
 
Phonological typology is more isolated than other typologies. It is one of the 
highly developed levels from the typological viewpoint. Achievements of 

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phonological typology are distinguishing phonological universals, differential 
features studied by Trubetzkoy N. and mentioned above linguists.