5.
Apostrof
–‘s
qo’shimchasi odamlar guruhini ifodalaydigan tashkilot va uyushmalar
nomlari oldidan ham ishlatiladi: the company’s success – kompaniyaning muvaffaqiyati or the
success of the company,
Gender in nouns (otlarda jins, rod)
1)
Ingliz tilidagi otlarda ham jins (rod) kategoriyasi bor: Ular ikkita
male (muzakkar)
mujskoy rod
va
female (muannas) jenskiy rod.
Male
:
poet
(shoir),
actor
(aktyor),
host
(mezbon
erkak),
lion
(erkak sher),
waitor
(ofitsiant),
cock
(xo’roz),
bridegroom
– kuyov,
duke
– gertsog,
hero
– qaxramon,
king
– qirol,
monk
– rohib,
prince
– shaxzoda,
widower
– tul erkak kabi
so’zlarning o’rniga gapda “he” olmoshi ishlatiladi.
Female
:
poetess
(shoira),
actress
(aktrisa),
hostess
(mezbon ayol),
lioness
(urg’ochi sher),
waitress
(ofitsianka),
hen
(tovuq),
bride
– kelin,
duchess
– gertsoginya,
heroin
– qaxramon ayol,
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queen
– qirolicha,
nun
– rohiba,
princess
– malika,
widow
– tul ayol kabi so’zlarning o’rniga esa
gapda “she” olmoshi ishlatiladi.
2)
Ba’zan davlat, avtomobil, kema va samolyot kabilarning nomlari o’rnida “she” olmoshi
ishlatiladi: Britain is a rich country. She helps many other countries. “Titanic” was a large ship but
she
sailed only once.
Otning aniqlovchi vazifasida kelishi
1.
Ot so’z turkumi odatda qaratqich kelishigi qo’shimchasi “-‘s” (apostrof s) bilan kelganda
gapda aniqlovchi vazifasida kelishi mumkin: the manager’s signature – boshqaruvchining imzosi.
The captain’s cabin – kapitanning xonasi.
2.
Lekin bosh kelishik shaklidagi bir ot ikkinchi bir otga ham aniqlovchi vazifasida kelishi
mumkin: an iron bridge – temir ko’prik, life insurance – hayot sug’urtasi, the cotton market –
paxta bozori. An iron spoon.
3
. Ba’zida esa bir otga ikki, uch va undan ko’proq otlar ham aniqlovchi vazifasida kelishi
mumkin: home market prices – ichki bozor narxlari, meat price decries – go’sht narxining tushishi.
4
. Aniqlovchi vazifasida kelgan sonlar oldidan kelgan otlar odatda birlik shaklda bo’ladi: a
five-year plan – besh yillik reja, a ten year old girl – o’n yoshli qiz, a ten-pound note – o’n funtli
qog’oz pul.
Lekin:
I am at 16 years old. Men 16 yoshdaman. 20 years is rather a long time. 20 yil ancha
uzoq vaqt.
5.
A holiday of three weeks’ – uch haftalik ta’til, lekin a three week holiday – uch haftalik
ta’til. Agar otning oldidagi aniqlovchi vazifasida kelgan birikmada apostrof –‘s qo’shimchasi bilan
kelsa ko’plik shaklida bo’ladi: I’ve got three weeks’ holiday. Uch haftalik ta’tildaman.
Group nouns:
A flock of birds – qushlar galasi
A flock of goats – echkilar to’dasi
A flock of sheep – qo’ylar suruvi
A herd of cattle – molar podasi
A herd of deer – kiyiklar to’dasi
A herd of goats – echkilar suruvi
A herd of elephants – fillar podasi
A swarm of ants – chumolilar galasi
A swarm of bees – arilar galasi
A swarm of locusts – chigirtkalar galasi
A school of tiny glittering fish – yaltiroq baliq to’dasi
A colony of ants – chumolilar galasi
A gang of thieves – o’g’rilar to’dasi
A gang of robbers – talonchilar to’dasi
A gang of criminals – jinoyatchilar to’dasi
A pack of wolves – bo’rilar galasi
A pack of hounds – ovchi itlar galasi
A pride of lions – sherlar galasi
A crowd of people – odamlar to’dasi, olomon
A head of lettuce – bir bosh karam
2 feet of snow – 2 qarich qor
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