O n f e r e n c e

Subjects 
Effects 
Source 
of 
Variation 
SS 
df 
Mean 
Square 
F 
Sig. 
Within-
Subjects 
Effects 
SMS
3817.750 1 
3817.750 344.054 .000 
SBT × Groups 
54.537 
1 
54.537 
4.915 
.000 
Error 
1020.867 92 
11.096 
Between-
Subjects 
Effects 
Groups 
52.517 
1 
52.517 
3.458 
.000 
Error 
1397.100 92 
15.186 
 
Table 3. Repeated measure ANOVA for control and experimental groups
The Pillai's trace value was .789 (
P
= .000) for memory strategies and accordingly 
repeated measure ANOVA was employed to determine whether the differences observed 
were meaningful.
Based on the result of repeated measure ANOVA, the change in performance resulting 
from the teaching phase was highly significant (
F
= 344.054, 
P= 
.000) in the total sample 
(sum of control and experimental groups). In the same vein, the interaction effect 
between SBT and groups was highly significant (
F
= 4.915, 
P
= .000), that is, when 
changes based on control and experimental groups were considered the difference 
observed was highly meaningful in favor of the experimental group. The result of 
between-subjects effect also supported a highly meaningful difference between the two 
groups (
F
= 52.517, 
P
= .000).
Figure 1. Pre and post-test scores for control and experimental groups
. 
To answer the second hypothesis regarding the impact of SMS blended teaching on 
different formats of testing vocabulary, the means of score were compared. 
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
pre test
post test
control
experimental

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