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A packet of biscuit, spaghetti/ cigarettes… - bir idish biskvit, spaghetti
A roll of toilet paper – bir o’ram tualet qog’ozi
A splash of soda – bir o’rtim/ qultum mineral suv
A sheet of paper – qo’g’oz varag’i
A sip of tea, water – bir o’rtim choy, suv
A slice of bread– non bo’lagi
A tube of toothpaste – bir tish pastasi
A tin of fish– baliq konservasi
A tin/can of olives – bir banka olivka/zaytun
A wisp of cloud, smoke, steam (hair, grass) – bir tutam, bir gala
Life – hayot yo’li ma’nosida count, hayot ma’nosida uncount
Bazi sanaladigan otlar ham agar modda yoki hom ashyo ma’nosida kelsa sanalmaydigan otga aylanishi mumkin:
He carried a brick (sanaladi) Our house was built of brick (sanalmaydi)
plurality – ko’plik
1.Otlarningko’pchiligiga“ - s “ qoshimchasiniqo’shishorqaliyasaladi:Toys - o’yinchoq; Boys– bola
2.Ot “-s, -ss, -x, -sh, -ch, -o” bilan tugasa, “-es” qoshimchasi qo’shiladi:Buses – avtobus, Dresses –ko’ylak, Boxes – quti, Brushes – cho’tka, Torches – mash’ala , Tomatoes - pomidor
Lekin bazida ot “-o” bilan tugasa ham “-s” qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi: Radios – radio, Hippos –begimot, Pianos - pianino, Photos - rasm, Rhinos - karkidon, Videos, Autos - avtomobil, Kangaroos - kengiru, Kilos - kilo, memos - boyonnoma, studios - studiya, tattoos - tatuaj, zoos - zopark
3.“ unli + y “bo’lib tugagan otga “–s” qo’shiladi:Boys – bola, Toys – o’yinchoq
4.“undosh + y“ bo’lib tugagan otda “ y ” tushib unga “-ies”qo’shiladi:
Strawberry strawberries - qulupnay, Cherry cherries - olcha
5.“– f, -fe“ bilan tugasa o’zi tushib qolib, “–ves”qo’shiladi:
Wolf wolves – bo’ri, Leaf leaves - barg, Life lives – umr, hayot
Lekin ba’zida “–f, -fe“ bilantugasa ham “–s “ qo’shiladi: Giraffes – jirafa, Roofs – tom, Cliffs – qoya, Chiefs – shef, Reliefs – relef, Beliefs – ishonch, safes – seyflar, handkerchief - platochka
6.Yuqoridagilarning hech biriga bo’ysunmaydiganlar: Tooth. teeth – tish, Foot feet – oyoq,
Child children – bola, Man men – erkak, Woman women - ayol
Goose geese – g’oz, Mouse mice – sichqon, Ox oxen – ho’kiz,
BIRLIK VA K6PLIK HAM BIR XIL: Sheep – qo’y, Deer – kiyik, (two) Fish – baliq, Shrimp – mayda qisqichbaqa, Offspring – avlod, (bir-kda a + )Means – vosita, mablag’, Species – tur (biologik), Aircraft – samolyot, Acoustics - akustika
7.Ba’zi otlar grek va lotin tillaridan kirib kelib, shu tildagi birlik va ko’plik shaklini saqlab qolgan:
Addendum – addenda – qo’shimcha Bacterium bacteria – bakteriya, Basis bases - asos, Cactus cacti – kaktus, Crisis crises – krizis, Datum data - ma’lumot, Erratum – errata – xato, Memorandum – memoranda – memorandum Phenomenon – phenomena – g’aroyib hodisa, yoki g’aroyib qobiliyat egasi
Custom – house custom houses – tomojnya
Hotel – keeper hotel keepers – mehmonhona egasi
Mother in law mothers in law – qaynona
Passer by passers by – yo’lovchi
Man - servant men servants –xizmatchi
Man of war men of war – harbiy kema
Woman doctor women doctors – ayol doctor
Forma: Bir Fe’l: Ko’p
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Forma: Ko’p Fe’l: Bir
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Forma: Bir Fe’l: Bir,Ko’p
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Forma: Ko’p Fe’l:Ko’p
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Millat: The Uzbek
(not an uzbek girl)
Cattle– qoramol
People – odamlar, xalq
The military–harby kuch
The police – politsiya
Vermin – parazit
(zarar hasharot)
The youth - yoshlar
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Ohiri” – ics” ga tugaydigan otlar:
Acoustics - akustika
Economics – iqtisodiyot
Mathematics– matem
Statics – statistika
Crossroads - chorraha
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Quyidagilarumumiybirnazardatutilsabirlikdagife’lb.n, alohidaqaralsako’plikdagife’lb.nish-di:
Army – armiya
Audience – tomoshabin
Class – sinf
Comitee – qo’mita
Company – kompaniya
Crew – komanda
Crowd – olomon
Family - oila
Government – hokimiyat
Group – guruh
Jury– sudya
Majority – ko’pchilik
Media – ommaviy ahborot
Press – nashriyot
Public – jamoat
Staff – kollektiv
Team – guruh
Ex: Our family is large.
Our family have just grown up’s
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Clothes – kiyim kechaklar
Proceeds
congratulations – tabrik
contents – mundarija
damages – zarar
earnings – yig’ilgan pul
glasses – ko’zoynak (=spectacles)
goods – Tovar
headquarters – bosh idora
jeans – jinsi
pants – ishton
pliers – platsgupsi
pyjamas – pijama
riches – boylik
savings – jamg’arma
scissors – qaychi
shoes – tufli
shorts – shortik
Stairs - narvon
Tights – triko, kolgotka
Trousers – shim
Wages- oylik maosh
Ex: Where are my trousers?
There are not all the goods.
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